Impact of Process Parameters on Tensile Strength of Fused Deposition Modeling Printed Crisscross Poylactic Acid
Additive manufacturing gains the popularity in recent times, due to its capability to create prototype as well functional as end use product directly from CAD data without any specific requirement of tooling. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the widely used additive manufacturing techniques that are used to create functional end use part of polymer that is comparable with the injection-molded parts. FDM printed part has an application in various fields such as automobile, aerospace, medical, electronic, etc. However, application of FDM part is greatly affected by poor mechanical properties. Proper selection of the process parameter could enhance the mechanical performance of the printed part. In the present study, experimental investigation has been carried out to study the behavior of the mechanical performance of the printed part with respect to process variables. Three process variables viz. raster angle, raster width and layer height have been varied to understand its effect on tensile strength. Further, effect of process variables on fractured surface has been also investigated.
[1] C. K. Chua, K. F. Leong, 3D printing and additive manufacturing: principles and applications of rapid prototyping, World Scientific Publishing Co Inc., 2014.
[2] I. Gibson, D. W. Rosen, B. Stucker, Additive manufacturing technologies, New York: Springer, 2010.
[3] R. D. Goodridge, M. L. Shofner, R. J. M. Hague, M. McClelland, M. R. Schlea, R. B. Johnson, and C. J. Tuck, “Processing of a olyamide-12/carbon nanofibre composite by laser sintering,” Polymer Testing, vol. 30, 2011, pp. 94-100.
[4] M. Baumers, P. Dickens, C. Tuck, and R. Hague, “The cost of additive manufacturing: machine productivity, economies of scale and technology-push,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 102, 2016, pp. 193-201.
[5] N. Aliheidari, R. Tripuraneni, A. Ameli, and S. Nadimpalli, “Fracture resistance measurement of fused deposition modeling 3D printed polymers,” Polymer Testing, vol. 60, 2017, pp. 94-101.
[6] L. Wang, W. M. Gramlich, and D. J. Gardner, “Improving the impact strength of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) in fused layer modeling (FLM),” Polymer, vol. 114, 2017, pp. 242-248.
[7] Y. Song, Y. Li, W. Song, K. Yee, K. Y. Lee, and V. L. Tagarielli, “Measurements of the mechanical response of unidirectional 3D-printed PLA,” Materials & Design, vol. 123, 2017, pp. 154-164.
[8] J. M. Chacón, M. A. Caminero, E. García-Plaza, and P. J. Núñez, “Additive manufacturing of PLA structures using fused deposition modelling: Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties and their optimal selection,” Materials & Design, vol. 124, 2017, pp. 143-157.
[9] X. Liu, M. Zhang, S. Li, L. Si, J. Peng, and Y. Hu, “Mechanical property parametric appraisal of fused deposition modeling parts based on the gray Taguchi method,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 89, 2017, pp. 2387-2397.
[10] M. S. Uddin, M. F. R. Sidek, M. A. Faizal, R. Ghomashchi, and A. Pramanik, “Evaluating Mechanical Properties and Failure Mechanisms of Fused Deposition Modeling Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Parts. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,” vol. 139, 2017, pp.081018-1-12
[11] O. S. Carneiro, A. F. Silva, and R. Gomes, “Fused deposition modeling with polypropylene,” Materials & Design, vol. 83, 2015, pp. 768-776.
[12] K. Chockalingam, N. Jawahar, and J. Praveen, “Enhancement of anisotropic strength of fused deposited ABS parts by genetic algorithm” Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol. 31, 2016, pp. 2001-2010.
[13] K. P. Motaparti, G. Taylor, M. C. Leu, K. Chandrashekhara, J. Castle, and M. Matlack, “Experimental investigation of effects of build parameters on flexural properties in fused deposition modelling parts,” Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2017, pp. 1-14.
[14] A. Garg, A. Bhattacharya, and A. Batish, “Failure investigation of fused deposition modelling parts fabricated at different raster angles under tensile and flexural loading,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, vol. 231, 2017, pp. 2031-2039.
[15] M. Syamsuzzaman, N. A. Mardi, M. Fadzil, and Y. Farazila, “Investigation of layer thickness effect on the performance of low-cost and commercial fused deposition modelling printers,” Materials Research Innovations, vol. 18, 2014, pp. S6-485.
[16] J. Cantrell, S. Rohde, D. Damiani, R. Gurnani, L. DiSandro, J. Anton, A. Young, A. Jerez, D. Steinbach, C. Kroese, and P. Ifju, “Experimental Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed ABS and Polycarbonate Parts,” In Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics, vol. 3, 2017, pp. 89-105.
[17] N. Hill, and M. Haghi, “Deposition direction-dependent failure criteria for fused deposition modeling polycarbonate,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 20, 2014, pp. 221-227.
[18] H. Rezayat, W. Zhou, A. Siriruk, D. Penumadu, and S. S. Babu, “Structure–mechanical property relationship in fused deposition modelling,” Materials Science and Technology, vol. 31, 2015, pp. 895-903.
[19] J. C. Riddick, M. A. Haile, R. Von Wahlde, D. P. Cole, O. Bamiduro, and T. E. Johnson, “Fractographic analysis of tensile failure of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene fabricated by fused deposition modeling,” Additive Manufacturing, vol. 11, 2016, pp. 49-59.
[20] I. Durgun, and R. Ertan, “Experimental investigation of FDM process for improvement of mechanical properties and production cost,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 20, 2014, pp. 228-235.
[21] N. G. Tanikella, B. Wittbrodt, and J. M. Pearce, “Tensile strength of commercial polymer materials for fused filament fabrication 3D printing,” Additive Manufacturing, vol. 15, 2017, pp. 40-47.
[22] B. M. Tymrak, M. Kreiger, and J. M. Pearce, “Mechanical properties of components fabricated with open-source 3-D printers under realistic environmental conditions,” Materials & Design, vol. 58, 2014, pp. 242-246.
[23] S. Ziemian, M. Okwara, and C. W. Ziemian, “Tensile and fatigue behavior of layered acrylonitrile butadiene styrene,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 21, 2015, pp. 270-278
[1] C. K. Chua, K. F. Leong, 3D printing and additive manufacturing: principles and applications of rapid prototyping, World Scientific Publishing Co Inc., 2014.
[2] I. Gibson, D. W. Rosen, B. Stucker, Additive manufacturing technologies, New York: Springer, 2010.
[3] R. D. Goodridge, M. L. Shofner, R. J. M. Hague, M. McClelland, M. R. Schlea, R. B. Johnson, and C. J. Tuck, “Processing of a olyamide-12/carbon nanofibre composite by laser sintering,” Polymer Testing, vol. 30, 2011, pp. 94-100.
[4] M. Baumers, P. Dickens, C. Tuck, and R. Hague, “The cost of additive manufacturing: machine productivity, economies of scale and technology-push,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 102, 2016, pp. 193-201.
[5] N. Aliheidari, R. Tripuraneni, A. Ameli, and S. Nadimpalli, “Fracture resistance measurement of fused deposition modeling 3D printed polymers,” Polymer Testing, vol. 60, 2017, pp. 94-101.
[6] L. Wang, W. M. Gramlich, and D. J. Gardner, “Improving the impact strength of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) in fused layer modeling (FLM),” Polymer, vol. 114, 2017, pp. 242-248.
[7] Y. Song, Y. Li, W. Song, K. Yee, K. Y. Lee, and V. L. Tagarielli, “Measurements of the mechanical response of unidirectional 3D-printed PLA,” Materials & Design, vol. 123, 2017, pp. 154-164.
[8] J. M. Chacón, M. A. Caminero, E. García-Plaza, and P. J. Núñez, “Additive manufacturing of PLA structures using fused deposition modelling: Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties and their optimal selection,” Materials & Design, vol. 124, 2017, pp. 143-157.
[9] X. Liu, M. Zhang, S. Li, L. Si, J. Peng, and Y. Hu, “Mechanical property parametric appraisal of fused deposition modeling parts based on the gray Taguchi method,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 89, 2017, pp. 2387-2397.
[10] M. S. Uddin, M. F. R. Sidek, M. A. Faizal, R. Ghomashchi, and A. Pramanik, “Evaluating Mechanical Properties and Failure Mechanisms of Fused Deposition Modeling Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Parts. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,” vol. 139, 2017, pp.081018-1-12
[11] O. S. Carneiro, A. F. Silva, and R. Gomes, “Fused deposition modeling with polypropylene,” Materials & Design, vol. 83, 2015, pp. 768-776.
[12] K. Chockalingam, N. Jawahar, and J. Praveen, “Enhancement of anisotropic strength of fused deposited ABS parts by genetic algorithm” Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol. 31, 2016, pp. 2001-2010.
[13] K. P. Motaparti, G. Taylor, M. C. Leu, K. Chandrashekhara, J. Castle, and M. Matlack, “Experimental investigation of effects of build parameters on flexural properties in fused deposition modelling parts,” Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2017, pp. 1-14.
[14] A. Garg, A. Bhattacharya, and A. Batish, “Failure investigation of fused deposition modelling parts fabricated at different raster angles under tensile and flexural loading,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, vol. 231, 2017, pp. 2031-2039.
[15] M. Syamsuzzaman, N. A. Mardi, M. Fadzil, and Y. Farazila, “Investigation of layer thickness effect on the performance of low-cost and commercial fused deposition modelling printers,” Materials Research Innovations, vol. 18, 2014, pp. S6-485.
[16] J. Cantrell, S. Rohde, D. Damiani, R. Gurnani, L. DiSandro, J. Anton, A. Young, A. Jerez, D. Steinbach, C. Kroese, and P. Ifju, “Experimental Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed ABS and Polycarbonate Parts,” In Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics, vol. 3, 2017, pp. 89-105.
[17] N. Hill, and M. Haghi, “Deposition direction-dependent failure criteria for fused deposition modeling polycarbonate,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 20, 2014, pp. 221-227.
[18] H. Rezayat, W. Zhou, A. Siriruk, D. Penumadu, and S. S. Babu, “Structure–mechanical property relationship in fused deposition modelling,” Materials Science and Technology, vol. 31, 2015, pp. 895-903.
[19] J. C. Riddick, M. A. Haile, R. Von Wahlde, D. P. Cole, O. Bamiduro, and T. E. Johnson, “Fractographic analysis of tensile failure of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene fabricated by fused deposition modeling,” Additive Manufacturing, vol. 11, 2016, pp. 49-59.
[20] I. Durgun, and R. Ertan, “Experimental investigation of FDM process for improvement of mechanical properties and production cost,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 20, 2014, pp. 228-235.
[21] N. G. Tanikella, B. Wittbrodt, and J. M. Pearce, “Tensile strength of commercial polymer materials for fused filament fabrication 3D printing,” Additive Manufacturing, vol. 15, 2017, pp. 40-47.
[22] B. M. Tymrak, M. Kreiger, and J. M. Pearce, “Mechanical properties of components fabricated with open-source 3-D printers under realistic environmental conditions,” Materials & Design, vol. 58, 2014, pp. 242-246.
[23] S. Ziemian, M. Okwara, and C. W. Ziemian, “Tensile and fatigue behavior of layered acrylonitrile butadiene styrene,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 21, 2015, pp. 270-278
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:76916", author = "Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit and Harshit K. Dave", title = "Impact of Process Parameters on Tensile Strength of Fused Deposition Modeling Printed Crisscross Poylactic Acid ", abstract = "Additive manufacturing gains the popularity in recent times, due to its capability to create prototype as well functional as end use product directly from CAD data without any specific requirement of tooling. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the widely used additive manufacturing techniques that are used to create functional end use part of polymer that is comparable with the injection-molded parts. FDM printed part has an application in various fields such as automobile, aerospace, medical, electronic, etc. However, application of FDM part is greatly affected by poor mechanical properties. Proper selection of the process parameter could enhance the mechanical performance of the printed part. In the present study, experimental investigation has been carried out to study the behavior of the mechanical performance of the printed part with respect to process variables. Three process variables viz. raster angle, raster width and layer height have been varied to understand its effect on tensile strength. Further, effect of process variables on fractured surface has been also investigated.
", keywords = "3D printing, fused deposition modeling, layer height, raster angle, raster width, tensile strength.", volume = "12", number = "2", pages = "52-6", }
