Hydrogen is regarded to play an important role in
future energy systems because it can be produced from abundant
resources and its combustion only generates water. The disposal of
waste tyres is a major problem in environmental management
throughout the world. The use of waste materials as a source of
hydrogen is particularly of interest in that it would also solve a waste
treatment problem. There is much interest in the use of alternative
feedstocks for the production of hydrogen since more than 95% of
current production is from fossil fuels. The pyrolysis of waste tyres
for the production of liquid fuels, activated carbons and gases has
been extensively researched. However, combining pyrolysis with
gasification is a novel process that can gasify the gaseous products
from pyrolysis. In this paper, an experimental investigation into the
production of hydrogen and other gases from the bench scale
pyrolysis-gasification of tyres has been investigated. Experiments
were carried using a two stage system consisting of pyrolysis of the
waste tyres followed by catalytic steam gasification of the evolved
gases and vapours in a second reactor. Experiments were conducted
at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C using Ni/Al2O3 as a catalyst. The
results showed that there was a dramatic increase in gas yield and the
potential H2 production when the gasification temperature was
increased from 600 to 900 oC. Overall, the process showed that high
yields of hydrogen can be produced from waste tyres.
[1] European Tyre& Rubber Manufacturers' Association, ELTs treatment
data in 2007, ETRMA, 2008.
[2] US Rubber Manufacturers Association, Scrap Tire Markets in the United
States: 2007, Rubber Manufacturers AssociationWashington, US, 2009.
[3] The Japan automobile tyre manufacturers association. Inc, Tyre Industry
of Japan 2007, The Japan automobile tyre manufacturers association.
Inc,2007.
[4] H Wang, H Xu, X. Xuan,Review of Waste Tire Reuse& Recycling in
China-current situation, problems and countermeasures. Advances in
Natural Science,2(1), pp. 31-39, 2009.
[5] Sharma, V.K., Fortuna, F., Mincarini, M., Berillo, M., Cornacchia,
G.,Disposal of waste tyres for energy recovery and safe environment.
Applied Energy, 65(1-4), pp. 381-394, 2000.
[6] Heermann C., Schwager F. J., Whiting K. J., Pyrolysis and Gasification
of waste: A Worldwide Technology and Business Review, Juniper
Consultancy Services Ltd,2001.
[7] Williams, P.T., Brindle, A.J.,Catalytic pyrolysis of tyres: influence of
catalyst temperature. Fuel, 81(18), pp. 2425-2434, 2002.
[8] Williams, P.T., Besler, S., Taylor, D.T.,The pyrolysis of scrap
automotive tyres: The influence of temperature and heating rate on
product composition. Fuel, 69(12), pp. 1474-1482, 1990.
[9] Diez, C., Martinez, O., Calvo, L.F., Cara, J., Morán, A.,Pyrolysis of
tyres. Influence of the final temperature of the process on emissions and
the calorific value of the products recovered. Waste Management, 24(5),
pp. 463-469, 2004.
[10] Tanksale, A., Beltramini, J.N., Lu, G.M.,A review of catalytic hydrogen
production processes from biomass. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 14(1), pp. 166-182, 2010.
[11] Pattabhi Raman, K., Walawender, W.P., Fan, L.T.,Gasification of waste
tires in a fluid bed reactor. Conservation & Recycling, 4(2), pp. 79-88,
1981.
[12] Leung, D.Y.C., Wang, C.L.,Fluidized-bed gasification of waste tire
powders. Fuel Processing Technology, 84(1-3), pp. 175-196, 2003.
[13] Wu, C., Williams, P.T.,Hydrogen production by steam gasification of
polypropylene with various nickel catalysts. Applied Catalysis B:
Environmental, 87(3-4), pp. 152-161, 2009.
[1] European Tyre& Rubber Manufacturers' Association, ELTs treatment
data in 2007, ETRMA, 2008.
[2] US Rubber Manufacturers Association, Scrap Tire Markets in the United
States: 2007, Rubber Manufacturers AssociationWashington, US, 2009.
[3] The Japan automobile tyre manufacturers association. Inc, Tyre Industry
of Japan 2007, The Japan automobile tyre manufacturers association.
Inc,2007.
[4] H Wang, H Xu, X. Xuan,Review of Waste Tire Reuse& Recycling in
China-current situation, problems and countermeasures. Advances in
Natural Science,2(1), pp. 31-39, 2009.
[5] Sharma, V.K., Fortuna, F., Mincarini, M., Berillo, M., Cornacchia,
G.,Disposal of waste tyres for energy recovery and safe environment.
Applied Energy, 65(1-4), pp. 381-394, 2000.
[6] Heermann C., Schwager F. J., Whiting K. J., Pyrolysis and Gasification
of waste: A Worldwide Technology and Business Review, Juniper
Consultancy Services Ltd,2001.
[7] Williams, P.T., Brindle, A.J.,Catalytic pyrolysis of tyres: influence of
catalyst temperature. Fuel, 81(18), pp. 2425-2434, 2002.
[8] Williams, P.T., Besler, S., Taylor, D.T.,The pyrolysis of scrap
automotive tyres: The influence of temperature and heating rate on
product composition. Fuel, 69(12), pp. 1474-1482, 1990.
[9] Diez, C., Martinez, O., Calvo, L.F., Cara, J., Morán, A.,Pyrolysis of
tyres. Influence of the final temperature of the process on emissions and
the calorific value of the products recovered. Waste Management, 24(5),
pp. 463-469, 2004.
[10] Tanksale, A., Beltramini, J.N., Lu, G.M.,A review of catalytic hydrogen
production processes from biomass. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 14(1), pp. 166-182, 2010.
[11] Pattabhi Raman, K., Walawender, W.P., Fan, L.T.,Gasification of waste
tires in a fluid bed reactor. Conservation & Recycling, 4(2), pp. 79-88,
1981.
[12] Leung, D.Y.C., Wang, C.L.,Fluidized-bed gasification of waste tire
powders. Fuel Processing Technology, 84(1-3), pp. 175-196, 2003.
[13] Wu, C., Williams, P.T.,Hydrogen production by steam gasification of
polypropylene with various nickel catalysts. Applied Catalysis B:
Environmental, 87(3-4), pp. 152-161, 2009.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:50999", author = "Ibrahim F. Elbaba and Paul T. Williams", title = "Hydrogen from Waste Tyres", abstract = "Hydrogen is regarded to play an important role in
future energy systems because it can be produced from abundant
resources and its combustion only generates water. The disposal of
waste tyres is a major problem in environmental management
throughout the world. The use of waste materials as a source of
hydrogen is particularly of interest in that it would also solve a waste
treatment problem. There is much interest in the use of alternative
feedstocks for the production of hydrogen since more than 95% of
current production is from fossil fuels. The pyrolysis of waste tyres
for the production of liquid fuels, activated carbons and gases has
been extensively researched. However, combining pyrolysis with
gasification is a novel process that can gasify the gaseous products
from pyrolysis. In this paper, an experimental investigation into the
production of hydrogen and other gases from the bench scale
pyrolysis-gasification of tyres has been investigated. Experiments
were carried using a two stage system consisting of pyrolysis of the
waste tyres followed by catalytic steam gasification of the evolved
gases and vapours in a second reactor. Experiments were conducted
at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C using Ni/Al2O3 as a catalyst. The
results showed that there was a dramatic increase in gas yield and the
potential H2 production when the gasification temperature was
increased from 600 to 900 oC. Overall, the process showed that high
yields of hydrogen can be produced from waste tyres.", keywords = "Catalyst,Hydrogen, Pyrolysis, Gasification, Tyre,
Waste", volume = "6", number = "6", pages = "326-3", }