Efficacy of Methyl Eugenol and Food-Based Lures in Trapping Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Mango Homestead Trees
Trapping efficiency of methyl eugenol and three locally made food-based lures were evaluated in three locations for trapping of B. dorsalis on mango homestead trees in Ibadan South west Nigeria. The treatments were methyl eugenol, brewery waste, pineapple juice, orange juice, and control (water). The experiment was laid in a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) and replicated three times in each location. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and significant means were separated by Turkey’s test. The results showed that B. dorsalis was recorded in all locations of study. Methyl eugenol significantly (P < 0.05) trapped higher population of B. dorsalis in all the study area. The population density of B. dorsalis was highest during the ripening period of mango in all locations. The percentage trapped flies after 7 weeks were 77.85%-82.38% (methyl eugenol), 7.29%-8.64% (pineapple juice), 5.62-7.62% (brewery waste), 4.41%-5.95% (orange juice), and 0.24-0.47% (control). There were no significance differences (p > 0.05) on the population of B. dorsalis trapped in all locations. Similarly, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) on the population of flies trapped among the food attractants. However, the three food attractants significantly (p < 0.05) trapped higher flies than control. Methyl eugenol trapped only male flies while brewery waste and other food based attractants trapped both male and female flies. The food baits tested were promising attractants for trapping B. dorsalis on mango homestead tress, hence increased dosage could be considered for monitoring and mass trapping as management strategies against fruit fly infestation.
[1] Li, H.X. and Ye, H. (2000) Infestation and distribution of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Yunnan province. Journal of Yunnan University, 22, 473J 475.
[2] Ye, H. (2001) Distribution of the oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Yunnan province. Entomologia Sinica, 8, 175J182
[3] Clarke, A.R., Armstrong, K.F., Carmichael, A. E., Milne, J. R., Raghu, S., Roderick, G.K. and Yeates, D. K. (2005). Invasive phytophagous pests arising through a recent tropical evolutionary radiation: the Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies. Annual Review of Entomology, 50: 293–319.
[4] CABI (2015). Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK, CAB International. Available online at http://www.cabi.org/cpc
[5] EPPO (2015) PQR – EPPO database on quarantine pests. Available online at http://www.eppo.int
[6] Schutze, M.K. et al., (2015a). Synonymization of key pest species within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae): taxonomic changes based on a review of 20 years of integrative morphological, molecular, cytogenetic, behavioural and chemoecological data. Systematic Entomology, 40, 456–47.
[7] Lux, S.A., Copeland, R.S., White, I.M., Manrakhan, A. & Billah, M.K., (2003) A new invasive fruit fly species from the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) group detected in East Africa. Insect Science and its Applications 23(4):355-361.
[8] Drew RAI, Tsuruta K, White IM (2005). A new species of pest fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from Sri Lanka and Africa. African Entomology, 13: 149–154.
[9] De Meyer, M., Mohamed, S. & White, I.M. (2012) Invasive fruit fly pests in Africa. A diagnostic tool and information reference for the four Asian species of fruit fly (Diptera, 12 M. De Villiers et al. Tephritidae) that have become accidentally established as pests in Africa, including the Indian Ocean Islands. Available online at http://www.africamuseum.be/fruitfly/AfroAsia htm
[10] Mwatawala, M.W., White, I.M, Maerere, A.P., Senkondo, F.J. and De Meyer, M., (2004) A new invasive Bactrocera species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Tanzania. African Entomology, 12: 154-156.
[11] Mwatawala, M.W., DeMeyer, M., Makundi, R.H. & Maerere, A.P. (2006b) Seasonality and host utilization of the invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens (Dipt., Tephritidae) in central Tanzania. Journal of Applied Entomology 130, 530–537.
[12] Ekesi S, Billah MK (2007) A field guide to the management of economically important tephritid fruit flies in Africa. ICIPE Science Press, Nairobi, Kenya.
[13] James, B. and Schiffers, B. (2007) Exotic fly threatens African mango. Spore 127, 6.
[14] Vayssie`res, J.-F., Sinzogan, A., Korie, S., Ouagoussounon, I., and Thomas-Odjo, A.S. (2008). Effectiveness of Spinosad Bait Sprays (GF-120) in Controlling Mango-infesting Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Benin, Journal of Economic Entomology 102, 515-521.
[15] Shi, W., Zhang, Z.Y. and Ye, H. (2003) Taxis of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to its host fruit odors. Journal of Yunnan University, 425, 77J80.
[16] Vargas, R.I., Miyashita, O. and Nishida, T. (1984) Life historyand demographic parameters of three laboratory-reared tephritids (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annuals of the Entomological Society of America, 77, 651J656.
[17] Fletcher, B.S. (1989) Life history strategies of tephritid fruit flies Fruit Flies: Their Biology, Natural Enemies, and Control (eds.A.S. Robinson & G. Hooper), pp. 195J208. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
[18] Arai, T. (1975) Diel activity rhythms in the life history of the oriental fruit fly. Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology,19, 253J259.
[19] Arai, T. (1976) Effects of light and temperature on the daily cyclicity of the larval jumping behavior of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis (Hendel). Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 20, 69J76.
[20] Smith, P.H. (1989) Behavioral partitioning of the day and circadian rhythmicity. Fruit Flies: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control (eds. A. S. Robinson & G. Hooper), pp. 325J341. Elsevier, Amsterdam
[21] Ekesi, S. Nderitu P.W. & Rwomushana I, 2006, Field infestation, life history and demographic parameters of the fruit fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research 96: 379-386
[22] Rwomushana I., Ekesi S, Gordon I. and Ogol C.K.P.O. (2008). Host plants and host plant preference studiesfor Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kenya, a new invasive fruit fly species in Africa. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 101, 331-340335
[23] Vayssières, J.-F., Korie, S. & Ayegnon, D. (2009a) Correlation of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) infestation of major mango cultivars in Borgou (Benin) with abiotic and biotic factors and assessment of damage. Crop Protection 28, 477–488.
[24] Goergen G, Vayssie`res J-F, Gnanvossou D, Tindo M (2011) Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae), a new invasive fruit fly pest for the Afrotropical region: Host plant range and distribution in west and central Africa. Entomological Society of America, 40(4):844–854. 2011. DOI: 10.1603/EN11017
[25] Ekesi, S., Maniania, N. K. and Mohamed, S. A. (2011). Efficacy of soil application of Metarhizium anisopliae and the use of GF-120 spinosad bait spray for suppression of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in mango orchards. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 21: 3, 299 — 316, doi: 10.1080/09583157.2010.545871
[26] Steiner, L. F., G. G. Rohwer, E. L. Ayers, and L. D. Christenson. 1961. The role of attractants in the recent Mediterranean fruit fly eradication program in Florida. J. Econ. Entomol. 54: 30 35.
[27] Roessler, Y., (1989). Insecticidal bait and cover sprays. In: A. S. Robinson & G. Hooper (eds.). Fruit Flies. Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam Vol. 3A, pp 329-335.
[28] Bjeliš, M. (2006): Suzbijanje maslinine muhe Bactrocera oleae Gmel. (Diptera, Tephritidae)metodom masovnog lova. Fragmenta Phytomedica et Herbologica, Vol. 29 No. 1-2. 2006, str. 35-48.
[29] FRIN, (2014). Forestry research Institute of Nigeria Annual bulletin, Ibadan Nigeria. pp64.
[30] Ugwu J.A., Omoloye A.A., and Ogunfumilayo A.O. (2018). Evaluation of traps and attractants for mass trapping of Africaninvader fly, Bactrocera invadens on mango in South West Nigeria. Agro-Science, 17 (3), 40-45. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v17i3.7
[31] Billah, M., Wilson, D.D., and Cobblah, M.A, 2005, Detection bythe preliminary survey of the new Bactrocera invasive fruit fly species in Ghana. Presented at the 24thBiennial Conference of the Ghana Science Association.
[32] Vayssieres, J.F., Goergen, G., Lokossou, O., Dossa, P. & Akponon, C., 2005, A new Bactrocera species in Benin among mango fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species. Fruits(60):371-377 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2005042
[33] AFF (2012). Trapping guidelines surveillance of Bactrocera invadens in fruit production areas. A publication of Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries.
[34] Utomi, C.I., 2006, The Distribution, Host Range and Natural Enemies of the new Invasive Fruit Fly Species, Bactrocera invadens (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Southeastern Ghana. M.Phil Thesis. p50.
[35] Umeh V.C, Garcia E.C. and De Meyer M., 2008, Fruit flies of citrus in Nigeria: Species diversity, relative abundance and spread in major producing areas. Fruits 63: 153 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2008004
[36] Adebayo, R. A. and Akinbola, S. T. (2014). Distribution pattern and host preference of African invader fly, Bactrocera invadens (Drew, Tsuruta and White) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Akure and its environs. Molecular Entomology, l5 (7): 1-6 (doi: 10.5376/me.2014.05.0007).
[37] Ekesi, S., Mohamed, S, and Tanga C. M. (2014). Comparison of Food-Based Attractants for Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Evaluation of Mazoferm–Spinosad BaitSpray for Field Suppression in Mango. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(1): 299 – 309.
[38] Satpathy, S. and Samarjit Rai (2002). Luring ability of indigenous food baits for fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coq.). J. Entomol. Res., 26: 249-252.
[39] Fabre, F., Ryckewaert, P., Duyck, P.F., Chiroleu, F. and Quilici, S. (2003). Comparison of the efficacy of different food attractants and their concentration for melon fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Economic Entomol., 96 : 231-238.
[40] Alyokhin, V.A., Messing, R.H. and Duan, J.J. (2000). Visual and olfactory stimuli and fruit maturity affect trap capture of oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Economic Entomol., 93: 644-649.
[41] Cornelius, M.I., Nergel, L., Duan, J.J. and Messing, R.H. (2000). Responses of female oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to protein and host fruit odors in field cage and open field tests. Environ. Entomol., 29: 14-19.
[42] Ugwu, J. A. and Shaib-Rahim, H. O.(2018)Assessment of Different Food- based Attractants and Methyl eugenol for Trapping the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Guava Homestead Trees Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of Horticultural Society of Nigeria (Hortson), Lafia 2018Faculty of Agriculture Shabu-Lafia Campus, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. ISSN 978-978-54729-6-7.Pp614-624
[43] Rajitha, A.R. and Viraktamath, S. (2005). Evaluation of protein food baits in attracting female fruit flies in guava and mango orchards at Dharwad, Pest Mgmt. & Econ. Zool., 13: 22-29.
[44] Epsky, N. D., Hendrichs, J., Katsoyannos, B. I., Vasquez, L. A., Ros, J. P., Zumreoglu, A., Pereira, R., Bakri, A., Seewooruthun,S. I. and Heath, R. R. (1999). Field evaluation of female-targeted trapping systems for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera:Tephritidae) in seven countries. J. Economic Entomol., 92: 156-164.
[1] Li, H.X. and Ye, H. (2000) Infestation and distribution of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Yunnan province. Journal of Yunnan University, 22, 473J 475.
[2] Ye, H. (2001) Distribution of the oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Yunnan province. Entomologia Sinica, 8, 175J182
[3] Clarke, A.R., Armstrong, K.F., Carmichael, A. E., Milne, J. R., Raghu, S., Roderick, G.K. and Yeates, D. K. (2005). Invasive phytophagous pests arising through a recent tropical evolutionary radiation: the Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies. Annual Review of Entomology, 50: 293–319.
[4] CABI (2015). Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford, UK, CAB International. Available online at http://www.cabi.org/cpc
[5] EPPO (2015) PQR – EPPO database on quarantine pests. Available online at http://www.eppo.int
[6] Schutze, M.K. et al., (2015a). Synonymization of key pest species within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae): taxonomic changes based on a review of 20 years of integrative morphological, molecular, cytogenetic, behavioural and chemoecological data. Systematic Entomology, 40, 456–47.
[7] Lux, S.A., Copeland, R.S., White, I.M., Manrakhan, A. & Billah, M.K., (2003) A new invasive fruit fly species from the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) group detected in East Africa. Insect Science and its Applications 23(4):355-361.
[8] Drew RAI, Tsuruta K, White IM (2005). A new species of pest fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from Sri Lanka and Africa. African Entomology, 13: 149–154.
[9] De Meyer, M., Mohamed, S. & White, I.M. (2012) Invasive fruit fly pests in Africa. A diagnostic tool and information reference for the four Asian species of fruit fly (Diptera, 12 M. De Villiers et al. Tephritidae) that have become accidentally established as pests in Africa, including the Indian Ocean Islands. Available online at http://www.africamuseum.be/fruitfly/AfroAsia htm
[10] Mwatawala, M.W., White, I.M, Maerere, A.P., Senkondo, F.J. and De Meyer, M., (2004) A new invasive Bactrocera species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Tanzania. African Entomology, 12: 154-156.
[11] Mwatawala, M.W., DeMeyer, M., Makundi, R.H. & Maerere, A.P. (2006b) Seasonality and host utilization of the invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens (Dipt., Tephritidae) in central Tanzania. Journal of Applied Entomology 130, 530–537.
[12] Ekesi S, Billah MK (2007) A field guide to the management of economically important tephritid fruit flies in Africa. ICIPE Science Press, Nairobi, Kenya.
[13] James, B. and Schiffers, B. (2007) Exotic fly threatens African mango. Spore 127, 6.
[14] Vayssie`res, J.-F., Sinzogan, A., Korie, S., Ouagoussounon, I., and Thomas-Odjo, A.S. (2008). Effectiveness of Spinosad Bait Sprays (GF-120) in Controlling Mango-infesting Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Benin, Journal of Economic Entomology 102, 515-521.
[15] Shi, W., Zhang, Z.Y. and Ye, H. (2003) Taxis of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to its host fruit odors. Journal of Yunnan University, 425, 77J80.
[16] Vargas, R.I., Miyashita, O. and Nishida, T. (1984) Life historyand demographic parameters of three laboratory-reared tephritids (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annuals of the Entomological Society of America, 77, 651J656.
[17] Fletcher, B.S. (1989) Life history strategies of tephritid fruit flies Fruit Flies: Their Biology, Natural Enemies, and Control (eds.A.S. Robinson & G. Hooper), pp. 195J208. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
[18] Arai, T. (1975) Diel activity rhythms in the life history of the oriental fruit fly. Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology,19, 253J259.
[19] Arai, T. (1976) Effects of light and temperature on the daily cyclicity of the larval jumping behavior of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis (Hendel). Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 20, 69J76.
[20] Smith, P.H. (1989) Behavioral partitioning of the day and circadian rhythmicity. Fruit Flies: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control (eds. A. S. Robinson & G. Hooper), pp. 325J341. Elsevier, Amsterdam
[21] Ekesi, S. Nderitu P.W. & Rwomushana I, 2006, Field infestation, life history and demographic parameters of the fruit fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research 96: 379-386
[22] Rwomushana I., Ekesi S, Gordon I. and Ogol C.K.P.O. (2008). Host plants and host plant preference studiesfor Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kenya, a new invasive fruit fly species in Africa. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 101, 331-340335
[23] Vayssières, J.-F., Korie, S. & Ayegnon, D. (2009a) Correlation of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) infestation of major mango cultivars in Borgou (Benin) with abiotic and biotic factors and assessment of damage. Crop Protection 28, 477–488.
[24] Goergen G, Vayssie`res J-F, Gnanvossou D, Tindo M (2011) Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae), a new invasive fruit fly pest for the Afrotropical region: Host plant range and distribution in west and central Africa. Entomological Society of America, 40(4):844–854. 2011. DOI: 10.1603/EN11017
[25] Ekesi, S., Maniania, N. K. and Mohamed, S. A. (2011). Efficacy of soil application of Metarhizium anisopliae and the use of GF-120 spinosad bait spray for suppression of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in mango orchards. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 21: 3, 299 — 316, doi: 10.1080/09583157.2010.545871
[26] Steiner, L. F., G. G. Rohwer, E. L. Ayers, and L. D. Christenson. 1961. The role of attractants in the recent Mediterranean fruit fly eradication program in Florida. J. Econ. Entomol. 54: 30 35.
[27] Roessler, Y., (1989). Insecticidal bait and cover sprays. In: A. S. Robinson & G. Hooper (eds.). Fruit Flies. Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam Vol. 3A, pp 329-335.
[28] Bjeliš, M. (2006): Suzbijanje maslinine muhe Bactrocera oleae Gmel. (Diptera, Tephritidae)metodom masovnog lova. Fragmenta Phytomedica et Herbologica, Vol. 29 No. 1-2. 2006, str. 35-48.
[29] FRIN, (2014). Forestry research Institute of Nigeria Annual bulletin, Ibadan Nigeria. pp64.
[30] Ugwu J.A., Omoloye A.A., and Ogunfumilayo A.O. (2018). Evaluation of traps and attractants for mass trapping of Africaninvader fly, Bactrocera invadens on mango in South West Nigeria. Agro-Science, 17 (3), 40-45. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v17i3.7
[31] Billah, M., Wilson, D.D., and Cobblah, M.A, 2005, Detection bythe preliminary survey of the new Bactrocera invasive fruit fly species in Ghana. Presented at the 24thBiennial Conference of the Ghana Science Association.
[32] Vayssieres, J.F., Goergen, G., Lokossou, O., Dossa, P. & Akponon, C., 2005, A new Bactrocera species in Benin among mango fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species. Fruits(60):371-377 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2005042
[33] AFF (2012). Trapping guidelines surveillance of Bactrocera invadens in fruit production areas. A publication of Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries.
[34] Utomi, C.I., 2006, The Distribution, Host Range and Natural Enemies of the new Invasive Fruit Fly Species, Bactrocera invadens (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Southeastern Ghana. M.Phil Thesis. p50.
[35] Umeh V.C, Garcia E.C. and De Meyer M., 2008, Fruit flies of citrus in Nigeria: Species diversity, relative abundance and spread in major producing areas. Fruits 63: 153 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2008004
[36] Adebayo, R. A. and Akinbola, S. T. (2014). Distribution pattern and host preference of African invader fly, Bactrocera invadens (Drew, Tsuruta and White) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Akure and its environs. Molecular Entomology, l5 (7): 1-6 (doi: 10.5376/me.2014.05.0007).
[37] Ekesi, S., Mohamed, S, and Tanga C. M. (2014). Comparison of Food-Based Attractants for Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Evaluation of Mazoferm–Spinosad BaitSpray for Field Suppression in Mango. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(1): 299 – 309.
[38] Satpathy, S. and Samarjit Rai (2002). Luring ability of indigenous food baits for fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coq.). J. Entomol. Res., 26: 249-252.
[39] Fabre, F., Ryckewaert, P., Duyck, P.F., Chiroleu, F. and Quilici, S. (2003). Comparison of the efficacy of different food attractants and their concentration for melon fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Economic Entomol., 96 : 231-238.
[40] Alyokhin, V.A., Messing, R.H. and Duan, J.J. (2000). Visual and olfactory stimuli and fruit maturity affect trap capture of oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Economic Entomol., 93: 644-649.
[41] Cornelius, M.I., Nergel, L., Duan, J.J. and Messing, R.H. (2000). Responses of female oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to protein and host fruit odors in field cage and open field tests. Environ. Entomol., 29: 14-19.
[42] Ugwu, J. A. and Shaib-Rahim, H. O.(2018)Assessment of Different Food- based Attractants and Methyl eugenol for Trapping the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Guava Homestead Trees Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of Horticultural Society of Nigeria (Hortson), Lafia 2018Faculty of Agriculture Shabu-Lafia Campus, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. ISSN 978-978-54729-6-7.Pp614-624
[43] Rajitha, A.R. and Viraktamath, S. (2005). Evaluation of protein food baits in attracting female fruit flies in guava and mango orchards at Dharwad, Pest Mgmt. & Econ. Zool., 13: 22-29.
[44] Epsky, N. D., Hendrichs, J., Katsoyannos, B. I., Vasquez, L. A., Ros, J. P., Zumreoglu, A., Pereira, R., Bakri, A., Seewooruthun,S. I. and Heath, R. R. (1999). Field evaluation of female-targeted trapping systems for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera:Tephritidae) in seven countries. J. Economic Entomol., 92: 156-164.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:79316", author = "Juliana Amaka Ugwu", title = "Efficacy of Methyl Eugenol and Food-Based Lures in Trapping Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Mango Homestead Trees", abstract = "Trapping efficiency of methyl eugenol and three locally made food-based lures were evaluated in three locations for trapping of B. dorsalis on mango homestead trees in Ibadan South west Nigeria. The treatments were methyl eugenol, brewery waste, pineapple juice, orange juice, and control (water). The experiment was laid in a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) and replicated three times in each location. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and significant means were separated by Turkey’s test. The results showed that B. dorsalis was recorded in all locations of study. Methyl eugenol significantly (P < 0.05) trapped higher population of B. dorsalis in all the study area. The population density of B. dorsalis was highest during the ripening period of mango in all locations. The percentage trapped flies after 7 weeks were 77.85%-82.38% (methyl eugenol), 7.29%-8.64% (pineapple juice), 5.62-7.62% (brewery waste), 4.41%-5.95% (orange juice), and 0.24-0.47% (control). There were no significance differences (p > 0.05) on the population of B. dorsalis trapped in all locations. Similarly, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) on the population of flies trapped among the food attractants. However, the three food attractants significantly (p < 0.05) trapped higher flies than control. Methyl eugenol trapped only male flies while brewery waste and other food based attractants trapped both male and female flies. The food baits tested were promising attractants for trapping B. dorsalis on mango homestead tress, hence increased dosage could be considered for monitoring and mass trapping as management strategies against fruit fly infestation.
", keywords = "Attractants, trapping, mango, Bactrocera dorsalis.", volume = "13", number = "11", pages = "309-5", }
