Effects of Wastewater Strength and Salt Stress on Microalgal Biomass Production and Lipid Accumulation
This work aims to investigate a potential of
microalgae for utilizing industrial wastewater as a cheap nutrient for
their growth and oil accumulation. Wastewater was collected from
the effluent ponds of agro-industrial factories (cassava and ethanol
production plants). Only 2 microalgal strains were isolated and
identified as Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella sp.. However,
only S. quadricauda was selected to cultivate in various wastewater
concentrations (10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%). The highest
biomass obtained at 6.6×106 and 6.27×106 cells/ml when 60%
wastewater was used in flask and photo-bioreactor. The cultures gave
the highest lipid content at 18.58 % and 42.86% in cases of S.
quadricauda and S. obliquus. In addition, under salt stress (1.0 M
NaCl), S. obliquus demonstrated the highest lipid content at 50%
which was much more than the case of no NaCl adding. However, the
concentration of NaCl does not affect on lipid accumulation in case
of S. quadricauda.
[1] Amin S. Review on biofuel oil and gas production processes from
microalgae. Energy Conversion and Management. 2009; 50: 1834-1840.
[2] Ramadhas A.S., Jayaraj S. and Muraleedharan, C. Biodiesel production
from high FFA rubber seed oil. Fuel. 84: 335-340.
[3] Dujjanutat, P, Kaewkannetra, P. Potential use of industrial wastewater
in selection and cultivation of microalgae as a raw material for biodiesel
production Journal of Biotechnology, 2010; 150S: 149-150.
[4] Chinnasamy S., Bhatnagar A., Hant R.W. and Das K.C. Microalgae
cultivation in a wastewater dominated by carpet mill effluents logy.
2010; 101: 3097-3105.
[5] Anderson R.A, editor. Algal Culturing Techniques. [n.p.]. Hing Yip Co;
2005
[6] Burdon K.L. Fatty material in bacteria and funji revealed by staining
dried, Fixed slide preparations. Journal of Bacteriology. 52: 665-678.
[7] Iverson S.J., Lang S.L.C. and Cooper M.H. Comparison of Bligh and
Dyer and Folch methods for total lipid determination in a broad range of
marine tissue. Chemistry and Material Science. 2001; 36(11): 1283-
1287.
[8] Enmak P., Kaewkannetra P. Influences of CO2 concentrations and
salinity on acceleration of microalgal oil as raw material for biodiesel
production. Journal of Biotechnology. 2010; 150S:19.
[9] Dayananda C., Sarada R., Rani M.U., Shamala T.R. and Ravishankar
G.A. Influence of Nitrogen sources on growth, hydrocarbon and fatty
acid production by Botryococcus braunii. Asian Journal of plant
Sciences. 2006; 5(5): 799-804.
[10] Rattanapoltee, P. Chulalaksananukul, W., James, A.E., Kaewkannetra,
P. Comparison of autotrophic and heterotrophic cultivations of
microalgae as a raw material for biodiesel production
Journal of Biotechnology, 2008; 36: S412
[11] Arroyo T.H., Wei W., Ruan R. and Hu B. Mixotrophic cultivation of
Chlorella vulgaris and its potential application for the oil accumulation
from non-sugar materials. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2011; 35: 2245-
2253.
[12] Hodaifa G., Martínez M.E. and Sánchez S. Use of industrial wastewater
from olive-oil extraction for biomass production of Scenedesmus
obliquus. Bioresource Technology. 2008; 99: 1111-1117.
[13] Chiu S.Y., Kao C.Y., Chen C.H., Kuan T.C., Ong S.C. and Lin C.S.
Reduction of CO2 by a high - density culture of Chlorella sp. in a
semicontinuous photo bioreactor. Bioresource Technology. 2008; 99:
3389-3396.
[14] APHA, AWWA, Standard methods of the examination of water and
wastewater, 15th edition, Washington, D.C., USA, 1995.
[15] Zhang H., Wang W., Li Y., Yang W. and Shen G. Mixotrophic
cultivation of Botryococcus braunii. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2011; 35:
1710-1715.
[16] Kojima E. and Zhang K. Growth and hydrocarbon production of
microalga Botryococcus braunii in bubble column photo-bioreactors.
Bioscience and Bioenginerring. 1999; 87: 811-815.
[1] Amin S. Review on biofuel oil and gas production processes from
microalgae. Energy Conversion and Management. 2009; 50: 1834-1840.
[2] Ramadhas A.S., Jayaraj S. and Muraleedharan, C. Biodiesel production
from high FFA rubber seed oil. Fuel. 84: 335-340.
[3] Dujjanutat, P, Kaewkannetra, P. Potential use of industrial wastewater
in selection and cultivation of microalgae as a raw material for biodiesel
production Journal of Biotechnology, 2010; 150S: 149-150.
[4] Chinnasamy S., Bhatnagar A., Hant R.W. and Das K.C. Microalgae
cultivation in a wastewater dominated by carpet mill effluents logy.
2010; 101: 3097-3105.
[5] Anderson R.A, editor. Algal Culturing Techniques. [n.p.]. Hing Yip Co;
2005
[6] Burdon K.L. Fatty material in bacteria and funji revealed by staining
dried, Fixed slide preparations. Journal of Bacteriology. 52: 665-678.
[7] Iverson S.J., Lang S.L.C. and Cooper M.H. Comparison of Bligh and
Dyer and Folch methods for total lipid determination in a broad range of
marine tissue. Chemistry and Material Science. 2001; 36(11): 1283-
1287.
[8] Enmak P., Kaewkannetra P. Influences of CO2 concentrations and
salinity on acceleration of microalgal oil as raw material for biodiesel
production. Journal of Biotechnology. 2010; 150S:19.
[9] Dayananda C., Sarada R., Rani M.U., Shamala T.R. and Ravishankar
G.A. Influence of Nitrogen sources on growth, hydrocarbon and fatty
acid production by Botryococcus braunii. Asian Journal of plant
Sciences. 2006; 5(5): 799-804.
[10] Rattanapoltee, P. Chulalaksananukul, W., James, A.E., Kaewkannetra,
P. Comparison of autotrophic and heterotrophic cultivations of
microalgae as a raw material for biodiesel production
Journal of Biotechnology, 2008; 36: S412
[11] Arroyo T.H., Wei W., Ruan R. and Hu B. Mixotrophic cultivation of
Chlorella vulgaris and its potential application for the oil accumulation
from non-sugar materials. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2011; 35: 2245-
2253.
[12] Hodaifa G., Martínez M.E. and Sánchez S. Use of industrial wastewater
from olive-oil extraction for biomass production of Scenedesmus
obliquus. Bioresource Technology. 2008; 99: 1111-1117.
[13] Chiu S.Y., Kao C.Y., Chen C.H., Kuan T.C., Ong S.C. and Lin C.S.
Reduction of CO2 by a high - density culture of Chlorella sp. in a
semicontinuous photo bioreactor. Bioresource Technology. 2008; 99:
3389-3396.
[14] APHA, AWWA, Standard methods of the examination of water and
wastewater, 15th edition, Washington, D.C., USA, 1995.
[15] Zhang H., Wang W., Li Y., Yang W. and Shen G. Mixotrophic
cultivation of Botryococcus braunii. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2011; 35:
1710-1715.
[16] Kojima E. and Zhang K. Growth and hydrocarbon production of
microalga Botryococcus braunii in bubble column photo-bioreactors.
Bioscience and Bioenginerring. 1999; 87: 811-815.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:55513", author = "Praepilas Dujjanutat and Pakawadee Kaewkannetra", title = "Effects of Wastewater Strength and Salt Stress on Microalgal Biomass Production and Lipid Accumulation", abstract = "This work aims to investigate a potential of
microalgae for utilizing industrial wastewater as a cheap nutrient for
their growth and oil accumulation. Wastewater was collected from
the effluent ponds of agro-industrial factories (cassava and ethanol
production plants). Only 2 microalgal strains were isolated and
identified as Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella sp.. However,
only S. quadricauda was selected to cultivate in various wastewater
concentrations (10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%). The highest
biomass obtained at 6.6×106 and 6.27×106 cells/ml when 60%
wastewater was used in flask and photo-bioreactor. The cultures gave
the highest lipid content at 18.58 % and 42.86% in cases of S.
quadricauda and S. obliquus. In addition, under salt stress (1.0 M
NaCl), S. obliquus demonstrated the highest lipid content at 50%
which was much more than the case of no NaCl adding. However, the
concentration of NaCl does not affect on lipid accumulation in case
of S. quadricauda.", keywords = "Cassava wastewater, cultivation, lipid accumulation,
microalgae", volume = "5", number = "12", pages = "815-6", }
