Doubly Fed Induction Generator Based Variable Speed Wind Conversion System Control Enhancement by Applying Fractional Order Controller
In an electric power grid connected wind generation system, dynamic control strategy is essential to use the wind energy efficiently as well as for an energy optimization. The present study has focused on decoupled power regulation of doubly fed induction generator, operating in wind turbine, in accordance with the vector control approach by applying fractional order proportional integral (FOPI) controller. The FOPI controller is designed based on a simple method; up such that the response of closed loop process is similar to the response of a specified fractional model whose transfer function is Bode’s ideal function. In this tuning operation, the parameters of the proposed fractional controller are established analytically using the impulse closed-loop response of the controlled process. To show the superior action of the developed FOPI controller in comparison with standard PI controller in different function conditions, the study is validated through simulation using the software MATLAB/Simulink.
[1] Abdelbaset A, Mohamed YS, El-Sayed AHM, Ahmed AEHA. Wind Driven Doubly Fed Induction Generator. Power Systems 2018, Springer International Publishing AG 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70108-0_2.
[2] Kesraouia M, Chaib A, Meziane A, Boulezaz A. Using a DFIG based wind turbine for grid current harmonics filtering. Energy Conversion and Management 78 (2014) 968–975.
[3] Petersson A, Thiringer T, Harnefors L, Petru T. Modeling and experimental verification of grid interaction of a DFIG wind turbine, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers 2005; 20 (4):878–886.
[4] Bianchi F, Mantz R, Christiansen C. Power regulation in pitch-controlled variable-speed {WECS} above rated wind speed. Renew Energy 2004; 29:1911-22.
[5] Boutoubat M, Mokrani L, Machmoum M. Control of a wind energy conversion system equipped by a {DFIG} for active power generation and power quality improvement. Renew Energy 2013; 50:378-86.
[6] Abad G. Doubly fed induction machine modeling and control for wind energy generation applications, IEEE Press series on power engineering. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Pub.; 2011.
[7] ] Muyeen SM, Al-Durra A, Tamura J. Variable speed wind turbine generator system with current controlled voltage source inverter. Energy Convers and Management 2011; 52:2688–94.
[8] Gaillard A, Poure P, Saadate S, Machmoum M. Variable speed {DFIG} wind energy system for power generation and harmonic current mitigation. Renew Energy 2009; 34: 1545-53.
[9] Tamaarat A, Benakcha A. Performance of PI controller for control of active and reactive power in DFIG operating in a grid-connected variable speed wind energy conversion system. Front. Energy; 2014. pp.1-8.
[10] Pati S and Samantray S. Decoupled control of active and reactive power in a DFIG based wind energy conversion system with conventional P-I controllers. In: 2014 International Conference on Circuits, Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT-2014), Nagercoil, India: IEEE; 2014. p. 898-903.
[11] Ademi S, Jovanovic´ M. Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of Vector Control for Doubly-Fed Reluctance Generators. In: 2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2nd - 5th September 2014, Berlin, Germany: IEEE; 2014. p. 936-942.
[12] Pena R, Cardenas R, Escobar E, Clare J, Wheeler P. Control strategy for a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator feeding an unbalanced grid or stand-alone load. Electric Power Systems Research 2009; 79(2):355-364.
[13] Amrane F, Chaiba A, Babes BE, Mekhilef S. Design and implementation of high performance field oriented control for grid-connected doubly fed induction generator via hysteresis rotor current controller. Rev. Roum. Sci. Techn.– Électrotechn. et Énerg 2016; 61(4):319–324.
[14] Yao G, Chen J, Zhou L, Wang X, Huajun YU. Experimental Research of DFIG Based on Wind Energy Conversation System. In: 16th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference and Exposition, Antalya, Turkey: IEEE; 2014. p. 426-431.
[15] Melcio R, Mendes V, Catalo J. Comparative study of power converter topologies and control strategies for the harmonic performance of variable-speed wind turbine generator systems. Energy 2011; 36:520-9.
[16] Martinez MI, Tapia G, Susperregui A. Sliding Mode Control for DFIG Rotor and Grid Side Converters under Unbalanced and Harmonically Distorted Grid Voltage. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversation 2012; 27 (2):328-339.
[17] Costa JP, Pinheiro H, Degner T, Arnold G. Robust controller for DFIGs of grid-connected wind turbines. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 2011; 58(9):4023–38.
[18] Bounadja E, Djahbar A, Boudjema Z. Variable structure control of a doubly fed induction generator for wind energy conversion systems. The International Conference on Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy, Environment and Sustainability, TMREES14. Energy Procedia 2014; 50:999 – 1007.
[19] Hamane B, Benghanem M, Bouzid A, Belabbes A, Bouhamida M, Draoui A. Control for Variable Speed Wind Turbine Driving a Doubly Fed Induction Generator using Fuzzy-PI Control. Energy Procedia 2012; 18:476-485.
[20] Dida A, Ben Attous D. Doubly-fed induction generator drive based WECS using fuzzy logic controller. Front. Energy 2015, 9(3): 272–281.
[21] Djeriri Y, Meroufel A, Allam M. Artificial neural network-based robust tracking control for doubly fed induction generator used in wind energy conversion systems. Journal of Advanced Research in Science and Technology 2015, 2(1):173-181.
[22] Bedoud K, Ali-rachedi M, Bahi T, Lakel R, Grid A. Robust Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbine under Sub-Synchronous Operation Mode. Energy Procedia 2015; 74:886-899.
[23] Dulau M, Gligor A, Dulau TM. Fractional Order Controllers versus Integer Order Controller. 10th International Conference Interdisciplinary In Engineering, INTER –ENG 2016. Procedia Engineering 2017; 181.p.538-545.
[24] Podlubny I. Fractional-order systems and PID controllers. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 1999; 44(1): 208-214.
[25] Monje CA, Chen YQ, Vinagre BM, Xue D, Feliu V. Fractional-order Systems and Controls- Fundamentals and Applications. Advances in Industrial Control, springer, 2010.
[26] Podlubny I, Petras I, Skovranek T, Terpak J. Toolboxes and programs for fractional-order system identification, modeling, simulation, and control. In: 2016 17th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). Tatranska Lomnica, Slovakia: IEEE; 2016.p. 608-12.
[27] Tavazoel MS. From Traditional to Fractional PI Control: A Key for Generalization. IEEE IndustrIal Electronics 2012; 6(3):41-51.
[28] Ramasamya M, Sundaramoorthy S. PID controller tuning for desired closed-loop responses for SISO systems using impulse response. Computers and Chemical Engineering 2008; 32:1773–1788.
[29] Charef A. Modeling and Analog Realization of the Fundamental Linear Fractional Order Differential Equation. Springer 2006, Nonlinear Dynamics 2006; 46: 195–210.
[30] Barbosa RS, Machado JAT, Frrreira IM. Tuning of PID Controllers Based on Bode’s Ideal Transfer Function. Nonlinear Dynamics 2004; 38:305–321.
[31] Calderon AJ, Vinagre BM, Feliu V. Fractional order control strategies for power electronic buck converters. Signal Processing 2006; 86:2803–2819.
[32] Petras I. Fractional- Order Feedback Control of a DC Motor. Journal of Electrical Engineering 2009; 3:117-128.
[33] Narang A, Shah SL, Chen T. Tuning of fractional PI controllers for fractional order system models with and without time delays. In: Proceedings of the 2010 American Control Conference, Baltimore, MD, USA: IEEE; 2010.p. 6674-79.
[34] Lino P, Maione G, Stasi S, Padula F, Visioli A. Synthesis of Fractional-order PI Controllers and Fractional-order Filters for Industrial Electrical Drives. IEEE/CAA Journal of automatic sinica 2017; 4(1): 58-69.
[35] Ganjefar S, Mohammadi A. Variable speed wind turbines with maximum power extraction using singular perturbation theory. Energy 2016; 106:510-519.
[36] Phan DC, Yamamoto S. Maximum Energy Output of a DFIG Wind Turbine Using an Improved MPPT-Curve Method. Energies 2015; 8:11718-11736.
[37] Taraft S, Rekioua D, Aouzellag D, Bacha S. A proposed strategy for power optimization of a wind energy conversion system connected to the grid. Energy Conversion and Management 2015; 101:489-502.
[38] Kerrouche K, Mezouar A, Belgacem KH. Decoupled Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator by Vector Control for Wind Energy Conversion System. Overview of renewable energies exploitation in Algeria. Energy Procedia 2013; 42:239-248.
[39] Akel F, Ghennam T, Berkouk EM, Laour M. An improved sensorless decoupled power control scheme of grid connected variable speed wind turbine generator. Energy Conversion and Management 2014; 78:584-594
[40] Kesraouia M, Chaib A, Meziane A, Boulezaz A. Using a DFIG based wind turbine for grid current harmonics filtering. Energy Conversion and Management 2014; 78 :968-975.
[41] Kaloi GS, Wang J, Baloch MH. Active and reactive power control of the doubly fed induction generator based on wind energy conversion system. Energy Reports 2016; 2:194–200.
[42] Dulau M, Gligor A, Dulau TM. Fractional Order Controllers versus Integer Order Controller. 10th International Conference Interdisciplinary In Engineering, INTER –ENG 2016. Procedia Engineering 2017; 181:538–545.
[43] Petras I. Fractional-Order Nonlinear Systems- Modeling, Analysis and Simulation. Nonlinear physical science, Higher Education Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.
[44] Samir L, Bensafia Y. Indirect fractional order pole assignment based adaptive control. Engineering Science and Technology 2015; 19(1): 518-530.
[45] Charef A, Sun HH, Tsao YY, Onaral B. Fractal System as Represented by Singularity Function. IEEE Transactions on automatic control 1992; 37(9): 1465-1470.
[46] Mahvash H, Taher SA, Rahimi M. A new approach for power quality improvement of DFIG based wind farms connected to weak utility grid. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 2017; 8(3):415-430.
[1] Abdelbaset A, Mohamed YS, El-Sayed AHM, Ahmed AEHA. Wind Driven Doubly Fed Induction Generator. Power Systems 2018, Springer International Publishing AG 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70108-0_2.
[2] Kesraouia M, Chaib A, Meziane A, Boulezaz A. Using a DFIG based wind turbine for grid current harmonics filtering. Energy Conversion and Management 78 (2014) 968–975.
[3] Petersson A, Thiringer T, Harnefors L, Petru T. Modeling and experimental verification of grid interaction of a DFIG wind turbine, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers 2005; 20 (4):878–886.
[4] Bianchi F, Mantz R, Christiansen C. Power regulation in pitch-controlled variable-speed {WECS} above rated wind speed. Renew Energy 2004; 29:1911-22.
[5] Boutoubat M, Mokrani L, Machmoum M. Control of a wind energy conversion system equipped by a {DFIG} for active power generation and power quality improvement. Renew Energy 2013; 50:378-86.
[6] Abad G. Doubly fed induction machine modeling and control for wind energy generation applications, IEEE Press series on power engineering. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Pub.; 2011.
[7] ] Muyeen SM, Al-Durra A, Tamura J. Variable speed wind turbine generator system with current controlled voltage source inverter. Energy Convers and Management 2011; 52:2688–94.
[8] Gaillard A, Poure P, Saadate S, Machmoum M. Variable speed {DFIG} wind energy system for power generation and harmonic current mitigation. Renew Energy 2009; 34: 1545-53.
[9] Tamaarat A, Benakcha A. Performance of PI controller for control of active and reactive power in DFIG operating in a grid-connected variable speed wind energy conversion system. Front. Energy; 2014. pp.1-8.
[10] Pati S and Samantray S. Decoupled control of active and reactive power in a DFIG based wind energy conversion system with conventional P-I controllers. In: 2014 International Conference on Circuits, Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT-2014), Nagercoil, India: IEEE; 2014. p. 898-903.
[11] Ademi S, Jovanovic´ M. Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of Vector Control for Doubly-Fed Reluctance Generators. In: 2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2nd - 5th September 2014, Berlin, Germany: IEEE; 2014. p. 936-942.
[12] Pena R, Cardenas R, Escobar E, Clare J, Wheeler P. Control strategy for a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator feeding an unbalanced grid or stand-alone load. Electric Power Systems Research 2009; 79(2):355-364.
[13] Amrane F, Chaiba A, Babes BE, Mekhilef S. Design and implementation of high performance field oriented control for grid-connected doubly fed induction generator via hysteresis rotor current controller. Rev. Roum. Sci. Techn.– Électrotechn. et Énerg 2016; 61(4):319–324.
[14] Yao G, Chen J, Zhou L, Wang X, Huajun YU. Experimental Research of DFIG Based on Wind Energy Conversation System. In: 16th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference and Exposition, Antalya, Turkey: IEEE; 2014. p. 426-431.
[15] Melcio R, Mendes V, Catalo J. Comparative study of power converter topologies and control strategies for the harmonic performance of variable-speed wind turbine generator systems. Energy 2011; 36:520-9.
[16] Martinez MI, Tapia G, Susperregui A. Sliding Mode Control for DFIG Rotor and Grid Side Converters under Unbalanced and Harmonically Distorted Grid Voltage. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversation 2012; 27 (2):328-339.
[17] Costa JP, Pinheiro H, Degner T, Arnold G. Robust controller for DFIGs of grid-connected wind turbines. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 2011; 58(9):4023–38.
[18] Bounadja E, Djahbar A, Boudjema Z. Variable structure control of a doubly fed induction generator for wind energy conversion systems. The International Conference on Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy, Environment and Sustainability, TMREES14. Energy Procedia 2014; 50:999 – 1007.
[19] Hamane B, Benghanem M, Bouzid A, Belabbes A, Bouhamida M, Draoui A. Control for Variable Speed Wind Turbine Driving a Doubly Fed Induction Generator using Fuzzy-PI Control. Energy Procedia 2012; 18:476-485.
[20] Dida A, Ben Attous D. Doubly-fed induction generator drive based WECS using fuzzy logic controller. Front. Energy 2015, 9(3): 272–281.
[21] Djeriri Y, Meroufel A, Allam M. Artificial neural network-based robust tracking control for doubly fed induction generator used in wind energy conversion systems. Journal of Advanced Research in Science and Technology 2015, 2(1):173-181.
[22] Bedoud K, Ali-rachedi M, Bahi T, Lakel R, Grid A. Robust Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbine under Sub-Synchronous Operation Mode. Energy Procedia 2015; 74:886-899.
[23] Dulau M, Gligor A, Dulau TM. Fractional Order Controllers versus Integer Order Controller. 10th International Conference Interdisciplinary In Engineering, INTER –ENG 2016. Procedia Engineering 2017; 181.p.538-545.
[24] Podlubny I. Fractional-order systems and PID controllers. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 1999; 44(1): 208-214.
[25] Monje CA, Chen YQ, Vinagre BM, Xue D, Feliu V. Fractional-order Systems and Controls- Fundamentals and Applications. Advances in Industrial Control, springer, 2010.
[26] Podlubny I, Petras I, Skovranek T, Terpak J. Toolboxes and programs for fractional-order system identification, modeling, simulation, and control. In: 2016 17th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). Tatranska Lomnica, Slovakia: IEEE; 2016.p. 608-12.
[27] Tavazoel MS. From Traditional to Fractional PI Control: A Key for Generalization. IEEE IndustrIal Electronics 2012; 6(3):41-51.
[28] Ramasamya M, Sundaramoorthy S. PID controller tuning for desired closed-loop responses for SISO systems using impulse response. Computers and Chemical Engineering 2008; 32:1773–1788.
[29] Charef A. Modeling and Analog Realization of the Fundamental Linear Fractional Order Differential Equation. Springer 2006, Nonlinear Dynamics 2006; 46: 195–210.
[30] Barbosa RS, Machado JAT, Frrreira IM. Tuning of PID Controllers Based on Bode’s Ideal Transfer Function. Nonlinear Dynamics 2004; 38:305–321.
[31] Calderon AJ, Vinagre BM, Feliu V. Fractional order control strategies for power electronic buck converters. Signal Processing 2006; 86:2803–2819.
[32] Petras I. Fractional- Order Feedback Control of a DC Motor. Journal of Electrical Engineering 2009; 3:117-128.
[33] Narang A, Shah SL, Chen T. Tuning of fractional PI controllers for fractional order system models with and without time delays. In: Proceedings of the 2010 American Control Conference, Baltimore, MD, USA: IEEE; 2010.p. 6674-79.
[34] Lino P, Maione G, Stasi S, Padula F, Visioli A. Synthesis of Fractional-order PI Controllers and Fractional-order Filters for Industrial Electrical Drives. IEEE/CAA Journal of automatic sinica 2017; 4(1): 58-69.
[35] Ganjefar S, Mohammadi A. Variable speed wind turbines with maximum power extraction using singular perturbation theory. Energy 2016; 106:510-519.
[36] Phan DC, Yamamoto S. Maximum Energy Output of a DFIG Wind Turbine Using an Improved MPPT-Curve Method. Energies 2015; 8:11718-11736.
[37] Taraft S, Rekioua D, Aouzellag D, Bacha S. A proposed strategy for power optimization of a wind energy conversion system connected to the grid. Energy Conversion and Management 2015; 101:489-502.
[38] Kerrouche K, Mezouar A, Belgacem KH. Decoupled Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator by Vector Control for Wind Energy Conversion System. Overview of renewable energies exploitation in Algeria. Energy Procedia 2013; 42:239-248.
[39] Akel F, Ghennam T, Berkouk EM, Laour M. An improved sensorless decoupled power control scheme of grid connected variable speed wind turbine generator. Energy Conversion and Management 2014; 78:584-594
[40] Kesraouia M, Chaib A, Meziane A, Boulezaz A. Using a DFIG based wind turbine for grid current harmonics filtering. Energy Conversion and Management 2014; 78 :968-975.
[41] Kaloi GS, Wang J, Baloch MH. Active and reactive power control of the doubly fed induction generator based on wind energy conversion system. Energy Reports 2016; 2:194–200.
[42] Dulau M, Gligor A, Dulau TM. Fractional Order Controllers versus Integer Order Controller. 10th International Conference Interdisciplinary In Engineering, INTER –ENG 2016. Procedia Engineering 2017; 181:538–545.
[43] Petras I. Fractional-Order Nonlinear Systems- Modeling, Analysis and Simulation. Nonlinear physical science, Higher Education Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.
[44] Samir L, Bensafia Y. Indirect fractional order pole assignment based adaptive control. Engineering Science and Technology 2015; 19(1): 518-530.
[45] Charef A, Sun HH, Tsao YY, Onaral B. Fractal System as Represented by Singularity Function. IEEE Transactions on automatic control 1992; 37(9): 1465-1470.
[46] Mahvash H, Taher SA, Rahimi M. A new approach for power quality improvement of DFIG based wind farms connected to weak utility grid. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 2017; 8(3):415-430.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:79283", author = "Abdellatif Kasbi and Abderrafii Rahali", title = "Doubly Fed Induction Generator Based Variable Speed Wind Conversion System Control Enhancement by Applying Fractional Order Controller", abstract = "In an electric power grid connected wind generation system, dynamic control strategy is essential to use the wind energy efficiently as well as for an energy optimization. The present study has focused on decoupled power regulation of doubly fed induction generator, operating in wind turbine, in accordance with the vector control approach by applying fractional order proportional integral (FOPI) controller. The FOPI controller is designed based on a simple method; up such that the response of closed loop process is similar to the response of a specified fractional model whose transfer function is Bode’s ideal function. In this tuning operation, the parameters of the proposed fractional controller are established analytically using the impulse closed-loop response of the controlled process. To show the superior action of the developed FOPI controller in comparison with standard PI controller in different function conditions, the study is validated through simulation using the software MATLAB/Simulink.
", keywords = "Wind generation system, DFIG, vector control approach, fractional order PI controller, Bode’s ideal transfer function, impulse response.", volume = "13", number = "11", pages = "693-17", }
