Development of a Bacterial Resistant Concrete for Use in Low Cost Kitchen Floors
The degrading effect due to bacterial growth on the structural integrity of concrete floor surfaces is predictable; this consequently cause development of surface micro cracks in which organisms penetrate through resulting in surface spalling. Hence, the need to develop mix design meeting the requirement of floor surfaces exposed to aggressive agent to improve certain material properties with good workability, extended lifespan and low cost is essential. In this work, tests were performed to examine the microbial activity on kitchen floor surfaces and the effect of adding admixtures. The biochemical test shows the existence of microorganisms (E.coli, Streptococcus) on newly casted structure. Of up to 6% porosity was reduced and improvement on structural integrity was observed upon adding mineral admixtures from the concrete mortar. The SEM result after 84 days of curing specimens, shows that chemical admixtures have significant role to enable retard bacterial penetration and good quality structure is achieved.
[1] K. Mattick, K. L. Durham, G. Domingue, F. Jørgensen, M. Sen, D. W. Schaffner and T. Humphrey, International Journal of Food Microbiology 85, 213 (2003).
[2] H.D. Kusumaningrum, M.M. van Putten, F.M. Rombouts and R.R. Beumer, Journal of Food Protection 65, 61 (2002).
[3] C.G. Kumar and S.K. Anand, International Journal of Food Microbiology 42, 9 (1998).
[4] C. Genigeorgis, in: S.A. Burt and F. Bauer (eds.), edited by European Consortium for Continuing Education in Advanced Meat Science and Technology, 1995, pp. 29-47
[5] Monteny J, Vinckle E, Beeldens A, De Belie N, Taerwe L, Van Germet D, et al., Chemical, microbiological, and in situ tests methods for biogenic sulphuric acid corrosion of concrete, cement and concrete research 2000; 30(4): 623 – 34.
[6] A Bertron, G Escadeillas, J Duchesne, Degradation of cement pastes by organic acids, Materials and structures 40 (3) (2007) 341 – 354.
[7] B CWALINA Biodegradation of concrete-The Journal, 133, 4 (2008)
[8] Chen J, Blume HP, 2002. Rock-weathering by lichens in Antarctic: Patterns and mechanisms. Journal of geographical science, 12 387 – 396.
[9] Hassan KE, Cabrera JG, Head MK. The influence of aggregate characteristics on the properties of high performance, high strength concrete. In: Rangan B, Patnaik A, editors. Proceedings of the International Conference. Perth, Australia, 1998. P. 441 – 55.
[10] Bilodeau A, Malhotra VM. High-volume fly ash system: concrete solution for sustainable development. ACI Mater J 2000; 97(1):41 – 48
[11] Assie S, Escadeillas G, Waller V. Estimates of self-compacting concrete ‘potential’ durability. Construction build material 2007; 21(10):1909-17.
[12] R.P Khatri, V. Sirivivatnanon. L.K Yu, Effect of curing on water permeability of concretes prepared with normal Portland cement and with slag and silica fume, Mag. Concrete research. 49(180) (1977) 167 – 172.
[13] Neville A, Aitcin P-C, High performance concrete – and overview. Material Structures 1998; 31:111-7.
[14] H.J. van der Molen∗, W.M.O. van Beurden, M.A. Blankenstein, W. de Boer, B.A. Cooke, J.A. Grootegoed, F.H.A. Janszen, F.H. de Jong, E. Mulder, F.F.G. Rommerts, The testis: Biochemical actions of trophic hormones and steroids on steroid production and spermatogenesis 1979;11(1) p 13-18.
[15] Hannah Ben-Bassat, Zipora Shlomai, Gertrude Kohn, Miron Prokocimer, Establishment of a human T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line with a chromosome translocation;49(2) 1990, Pages 241–248.
[16] http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/escherichiacoli_g.htm. (Consulted in 05/06/2007).
[17] K. Oliveira, T. Oliveira, P. Teixeira, J. Azeredo and R. Oliveira, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 38, 318 (2007).
[18] B. Joseph, S.K. Otta and I. Karunasagar, International Journal of Food Microbiology 64, 367 (2001).
[19] J.L. McKillip, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 77, 393 (2000).
[20] K. Shinagawa, International Journal of Food Microbiology 10, 125 (1990).
[21] M.S. Bergdoll, in: M.P. Doyle (ed.), edited by Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, USA, 1989, pp 463-523.
[22] Hassan KE, Cabrera JG, Bajracharya YM. The influence of fly ash content and curing temperature on the properties of high performance concrete. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, vol. 1. Bahrain, 1997. p. 345565.
[23] Hassan KE, Cabrera JG. Design of durable concrete: specifica- tions and their implementation. In: Hosny A, Mahfouz I, Sarkani S, editors. Proceedings of the Second Middle East Symposium. Hurghada, Egypt, 1999. p. 55-65.
[24] Abbas A, Carcasses M, Ollivier JP. The importance of gas permeability in addition to the compressive strength of concrete. Mag Concrete Research 2000; 52(1):1-6.
[1] K. Mattick, K. L. Durham, G. Domingue, F. Jørgensen, M. Sen, D. W. Schaffner and T. Humphrey, International Journal of Food Microbiology 85, 213 (2003).
[2] H.D. Kusumaningrum, M.M. van Putten, F.M. Rombouts and R.R. Beumer, Journal of Food Protection 65, 61 (2002).
[3] C.G. Kumar and S.K. Anand, International Journal of Food Microbiology 42, 9 (1998).
[4] C. Genigeorgis, in: S.A. Burt and F. Bauer (eds.), edited by European Consortium for Continuing Education in Advanced Meat Science and Technology, 1995, pp. 29-47
[5] Monteny J, Vinckle E, Beeldens A, De Belie N, Taerwe L, Van Germet D, et al., Chemical, microbiological, and in situ tests methods for biogenic sulphuric acid corrosion of concrete, cement and concrete research 2000; 30(4): 623 – 34.
[6] A Bertron, G Escadeillas, J Duchesne, Degradation of cement pastes by organic acids, Materials and structures 40 (3) (2007) 341 – 354.
[7] B CWALINA Biodegradation of concrete-The Journal, 133, 4 (2008)
[8] Chen J, Blume HP, 2002. Rock-weathering by lichens in Antarctic: Patterns and mechanisms. Journal of geographical science, 12 387 – 396.
[9] Hassan KE, Cabrera JG, Head MK. The influence of aggregate characteristics on the properties of high performance, high strength concrete. In: Rangan B, Patnaik A, editors. Proceedings of the International Conference. Perth, Australia, 1998. P. 441 – 55.
[10] Bilodeau A, Malhotra VM. High-volume fly ash system: concrete solution for sustainable development. ACI Mater J 2000; 97(1):41 – 48
[11] Assie S, Escadeillas G, Waller V. Estimates of self-compacting concrete ‘potential’ durability. Construction build material 2007; 21(10):1909-17.
[12] R.P Khatri, V. Sirivivatnanon. L.K Yu, Effect of curing on water permeability of concretes prepared with normal Portland cement and with slag and silica fume, Mag. Concrete research. 49(180) (1977) 167 – 172.
[13] Neville A, Aitcin P-C, High performance concrete – and overview. Material Structures 1998; 31:111-7.
[14] H.J. van der Molen∗, W.M.O. van Beurden, M.A. Blankenstein, W. de Boer, B.A. Cooke, J.A. Grootegoed, F.H.A. Janszen, F.H. de Jong, E. Mulder, F.F.G. Rommerts, The testis: Biochemical actions of trophic hormones and steroids on steroid production and spermatogenesis 1979;11(1) p 13-18.
[15] Hannah Ben-Bassat, Zipora Shlomai, Gertrude Kohn, Miron Prokocimer, Establishment of a human T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line with a chromosome translocation;49(2) 1990, Pages 241–248.
[16] http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/escherichiacoli_g.htm. (Consulted in 05/06/2007).
[17] K. Oliveira, T. Oliveira, P. Teixeira, J. Azeredo and R. Oliveira, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 38, 318 (2007).
[18] B. Joseph, S.K. Otta and I. Karunasagar, International Journal of Food Microbiology 64, 367 (2001).
[19] J.L. McKillip, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 77, 393 (2000).
[20] K. Shinagawa, International Journal of Food Microbiology 10, 125 (1990).
[21] M.S. Bergdoll, in: M.P. Doyle (ed.), edited by Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, USA, 1989, pp 463-523.
[22] Hassan KE, Cabrera JG, Bajracharya YM. The influence of fly ash content and curing temperature on the properties of high performance concrete. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, vol. 1. Bahrain, 1997. p. 345565.
[23] Hassan KE, Cabrera JG. Design of durable concrete: specifica- tions and their implementation. In: Hosny A, Mahfouz I, Sarkani S, editors. Proceedings of the Second Middle East Symposium. Hurghada, Egypt, 1999. p. 55-65.
[24] Abbas A, Carcasses M, Ollivier JP. The importance of gas permeability in addition to the compressive strength of concrete. Mag Concrete Research 2000; 52(1):1-6.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:65146", author = "S. S. Mahlangu and R. K. K. Mbaya and D. D. Delport and H. Van. Zyl", title = "Development of a Bacterial Resistant Concrete for Use in Low Cost Kitchen Floors", abstract = "The degrading effect due to bacterial growth on the structural integrity of concrete floor surfaces is predictable; this consequently cause development of surface micro cracks in which organisms penetrate through resulting in surface spalling. Hence, the need to develop mix design meeting the requirement of floor surfaces exposed to aggressive agent to improve certain material properties with good workability, extended lifespan and low cost is essential. In this work, tests were performed to examine the microbial activity on kitchen floor surfaces and the effect of adding admixtures. The biochemical test shows the existence of microorganisms (E.coli, Streptococcus) on newly casted structure. Of up to 6% porosity was reduced and improvement on structural integrity was observed upon adding mineral admixtures from the concrete mortar. The SEM result after 84 days of curing specimens, shows that chemical admixtures have significant role to enable retard bacterial penetration and good quality structure is achieved.
", keywords = "Admixture, organisms, porosity and strength. ", volume = "7", number = "11", pages = "794-6", }
