Design of Wireless and Traceable Sensors for Internally Illuminated Photoreactors
We present methods for developing wireless and
traceable sensors for photobioreactors or photoreactors in general.
The main focus of application are reactors which are wirelessly
powered. Due to the promising properties of the propagation of
magnetic fields under water we implemented an inductive link with
an on/off switched hartley-oscillator as transmitter and an LC-tank
as receiver. For this inductive link we used a carrier frequency
of 298 kHz. With this system we performed measurements to
demonstrate the independence of the magnetic field from water
or salty water. In contrast we showed the strongly reduced range
of RF-transmitter-receiver systems at higher frequencies (433 MHz
and 2.4 GHz) in water and in salty water. For implementing the
traceability of the sensors, we performed measurements to show
the well defined orientation of the magnetic field of a coil. This
information will be used in future work for implementing an inductive
link based traceability system for our sensors.
[1] M. Heining, A. Sutor, S. Stute, C. Lindenberger, and R. Buchholz,
“Internal illumination of photobioreactors via wireless light emitters:
a proof of concept,” Journal of Applied Phycology, vol. 27, pp. 59–66,
2015.
[2] A. M. Murray, I. A. Fotidis, A. Isenschmid, K. R. A.
Haxthausen, and I. Angelidaki, “Wirelessly powered submerged-light
illuminated photobioreactors for efficient microalgae cultivation,”
Algal Research, vol. 25, pp. 244 – 251, 2017. (online). Available:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211926416306397
[3] B. O. Burek, A. Sutor, D. W. Bahnemann, and J. Z. Bloh, “Completely
integrated wirelessly-powered photocatalyst-coated spheres as a novel
means to perform heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions,” Catal. Sci.
Technol., vol. 7, no. 21, pp. 4977–4983, 2017.
[4] A. Sutor, M. Heining, and R. Buchholz, “A class-e amplifier for
a loosely coupled inductive power transfer system with multiple
receivers,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 6, 2019. (online). Available:
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/6/1165
[5] T. Lauterbach, F. Lenk, T. Walther, T. Gernandt, R. Moll, F. Seidel,
D. Brunner, T. Lke, C. Hedayat, M. Bker, and A. Peters,
“Sens-o-spheres mobile, miniaturisierte sensorplattform fr die
ortsungebundene prozessmessung in reaktionsgefen,” 13. Dresdner
Sensor-Symposium 2017, Hotel Elbflorenz, Dresden, pp. 89 – 93, 12
2017.
[6] M. Heining and R. Buchholz, “Photobioreactors with internal
illumination - a survey and comparison,” Biotechnology Journal, vol. 10,
no. 8, pp. 1131–1137, 2015.
[7] F. Fiorillo, Characterization and measurement of magnetic materials.
Academic Press, 2004, pp.25-36.
[8] X. Che, I. Wells, G. Dickers, P. Kear, and X. Gong, “Re-evaluation of rf
electromagnetic communication in underwater sensor networks,” IEEE
Communications Magazine, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 143–151, December
2010.
[9] Y. Li, H. Yin, X. Ji, and B. Wu, “Design and implementation of
underwater wireless optical communication system with high-speed
and full-duplex using blue/green light,” in 2018 10th International
Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN), July
2018, pp. 99–103.
[10] J. Shi, S. Zhang, and C. Yang, “High frequency rf based non-contact
underwater communication,” in 2012 Oceans - Yeosu, May 2012, pp.
1–6.
[11] U. M. Qureshi, F. K. Shaikh, Z. Aziz, S. M. Z. S. Shah, A. A.
Sheikh, E. Felemban, and S. B. Qaisar, “Rf path and absorption
loss estimation for underwater wireless sensor networks in different
water environments,” Sensors, vol. 16, no. 6, 2016. (online). Available:
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/890
[12] J. Lloret, S. Sendra, M. Ardid, and J. J. P. C. Rodrigues, “Underwater
wireless sensor communications in the 2.4 ghz ism frequency band,”
Sensors, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 4237–4264, 2012. (online). Available:
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/4/4237
[13] M. C. Domingo, “Magnetic induction for underwater wireless
communication networks,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2929–2939, June 2012.
[14] H. Ali, T. J. Ahmad, and S. A. Khan, “Inductive link design for
medical implants,” in 2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics
Applications, vol. 2, Oct 2009, pp. 694–699.
[15] M. A. Hannan, S. M. Abbas, S. A. Samad, and A. Hussain,
“Modulation techniques for biomedical implanted devices and their
challenges,” Sensors, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 297–319, 2012. (online).
Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/1/297
[16] J. Edelmann, R. Stojakovic, C. Bauer, and T. Ussmueller, “An inductive
through-the-head ook communication platform for assistive listening
devices,” in 2018 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and
Sensor Networks (WiSNet), Jan 2018, pp. 30–33.
[17] N. Patwari, J. N. Ash, S. Kyperountas, A. O. Hero, R. L. Moses, and
N. S. Correal, “Locating the nodes: cooperative localization in wireless
sensor networks,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 22, no. 4, pp.
54–69, July 2005.
[18] T. Shah, S. M. Aziz, and T. Vaithianathan, “Development of a tracking
algorithm for an in-vivo rf capsule prototype,” in 2006 International
Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dec 2006, pp.
173–176.
[19] P. K. Hansen, “Method and apparatus for position
and orientation measurement using a magnetic field and
retransmission,” Patent, May, 1984, US4642786A. (online). Available:
https://patents.google.com/patent/US4642786A
[20] E. Paperno, I. Sasada, and E. Leonovich, “A new method for magnetic
position and orientation tracking,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,
vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1938–1940, July 2001.
[21] E. Paperno and P. Keisar, “Three-dimensional magnetic tracking of
biaxial sensors,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 40, no. 3, pp.
1530–1536, May 2004.
[22] F. H. Raab, E. B. Blood, T. O. Steiner, and H. R. Jones, “Magnetic
position and orientation tracking system,” IEEE Transactions on
Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. AES-15, no. 5, pp. 709–718,
Sep. 1979.
[23] J. Agbinya, Principles of Inductive Near Field Communications
for Internet of Things, ser. River Publishers series in
communications. River Publishers, 2011. (online). Available:
https://books.google.at/books?id=3DO7yNM5Np0C
[1] M. Heining, A. Sutor, S. Stute, C. Lindenberger, and R. Buchholz,
“Internal illumination of photobioreactors via wireless light emitters:
a proof of concept,” Journal of Applied Phycology, vol. 27, pp. 59–66,
2015.
[2] A. M. Murray, I. A. Fotidis, A. Isenschmid, K. R. A.
Haxthausen, and I. Angelidaki, “Wirelessly powered submerged-light
illuminated photobioreactors for efficient microalgae cultivation,”
Algal Research, vol. 25, pp. 244 – 251, 2017. (online). Available:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211926416306397
[3] B. O. Burek, A. Sutor, D. W. Bahnemann, and J. Z. Bloh, “Completely
integrated wirelessly-powered photocatalyst-coated spheres as a novel
means to perform heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions,” Catal. Sci.
Technol., vol. 7, no. 21, pp. 4977–4983, 2017.
[4] A. Sutor, M. Heining, and R. Buchholz, “A class-e amplifier for
a loosely coupled inductive power transfer system with multiple
receivers,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 6, 2019. (online). Available:
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/6/1165
[5] T. Lauterbach, F. Lenk, T. Walther, T. Gernandt, R. Moll, F. Seidel,
D. Brunner, T. Lke, C. Hedayat, M. Bker, and A. Peters,
“Sens-o-spheres mobile, miniaturisierte sensorplattform fr die
ortsungebundene prozessmessung in reaktionsgefen,” 13. Dresdner
Sensor-Symposium 2017, Hotel Elbflorenz, Dresden, pp. 89 – 93, 12
2017.
[6] M. Heining and R. Buchholz, “Photobioreactors with internal
illumination - a survey and comparison,” Biotechnology Journal, vol. 10,
no. 8, pp. 1131–1137, 2015.
[7] F. Fiorillo, Characterization and measurement of magnetic materials.
Academic Press, 2004, pp.25-36.
[8] X. Che, I. Wells, G. Dickers, P. Kear, and X. Gong, “Re-evaluation of rf
electromagnetic communication in underwater sensor networks,” IEEE
Communications Magazine, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 143–151, December
2010.
[9] Y. Li, H. Yin, X. Ji, and B. Wu, “Design and implementation of
underwater wireless optical communication system with high-speed
and full-duplex using blue/green light,” in 2018 10th International
Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN), July
2018, pp. 99–103.
[10] J. Shi, S. Zhang, and C. Yang, “High frequency rf based non-contact
underwater communication,” in 2012 Oceans - Yeosu, May 2012, pp.
1–6.
[11] U. M. Qureshi, F. K. Shaikh, Z. Aziz, S. M. Z. S. Shah, A. A.
Sheikh, E. Felemban, and S. B. Qaisar, “Rf path and absorption
loss estimation for underwater wireless sensor networks in different
water environments,” Sensors, vol. 16, no. 6, 2016. (online). Available:
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/6/890
[12] J. Lloret, S. Sendra, M. Ardid, and J. J. P. C. Rodrigues, “Underwater
wireless sensor communications in the 2.4 ghz ism frequency band,”
Sensors, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 4237–4264, 2012. (online). Available:
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/4/4237
[13] M. C. Domingo, “Magnetic induction for underwater wireless
communication networks,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2929–2939, June 2012.
[14] H. Ali, T. J. Ahmad, and S. A. Khan, “Inductive link design for
medical implants,” in 2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics
Applications, vol. 2, Oct 2009, pp. 694–699.
[15] M. A. Hannan, S. M. Abbas, S. A. Samad, and A. Hussain,
“Modulation techniques for biomedical implanted devices and their
challenges,” Sensors, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 297–319, 2012. (online).
Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/1/297
[16] J. Edelmann, R. Stojakovic, C. Bauer, and T. Ussmueller, “An inductive
through-the-head ook communication platform for assistive listening
devices,” in 2018 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and
Sensor Networks (WiSNet), Jan 2018, pp. 30–33.
[17] N. Patwari, J. N. Ash, S. Kyperountas, A. O. Hero, R. L. Moses, and
N. S. Correal, “Locating the nodes: cooperative localization in wireless
sensor networks,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 22, no. 4, pp.
54–69, July 2005.
[18] T. Shah, S. M. Aziz, and T. Vaithianathan, “Development of a tracking
algorithm for an in-vivo rf capsule prototype,” in 2006 International
Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dec 2006, pp.
173–176.
[19] P. K. Hansen, “Method and apparatus for position
and orientation measurement using a magnetic field and
retransmission,” Patent, May, 1984, US4642786A. (online). Available:
https://patents.google.com/patent/US4642786A
[20] E. Paperno, I. Sasada, and E. Leonovich, “A new method for magnetic
position and orientation tracking,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,
vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1938–1940, July 2001.
[21] E. Paperno and P. Keisar, “Three-dimensional magnetic tracking of
biaxial sensors,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 40, no. 3, pp.
1530–1536, May 2004.
[22] F. H. Raab, E. B. Blood, T. O. Steiner, and H. R. Jones, “Magnetic
position and orientation tracking system,” IEEE Transactions on
Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. AES-15, no. 5, pp. 709–718,
Sep. 1979.
[23] J. Agbinya, Principles of Inductive Near Field Communications
for Internet of Things, ser. River Publishers series in
communications. River Publishers, 2011. (online). Available:
https://books.google.at/books?id=3DO7yNM5Np0C
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:79475", author = "Alexander Sutor and David Demetz", title = "Design of Wireless and Traceable Sensors for Internally Illuminated Photoreactors", abstract = "We present methods for developing wireless and
traceable sensors for photobioreactors or photoreactors in general.
The main focus of application are reactors which are wirelessly
powered. Due to the promising properties of the propagation of
magnetic fields under water we implemented an inductive link with
an on/off switched hartley-oscillator as transmitter and an LC-tank
as receiver. For this inductive link we used a carrier frequency
of 298 kHz. With this system we performed measurements to
demonstrate the independence of the magnetic field from water
or salty water. In contrast we showed the strongly reduced range
of RF-transmitter-receiver systems at higher frequencies (433 MHz
and 2.4 GHz) in water and in salty water. For implementing the
traceability of the sensors, we performed measurements to show
the well defined orientation of the magnetic field of a coil. This
information will be used in future work for implementing an inductive
link based traceability system for our sensors.", keywords = "Wireless sensors, traceable sensors, photoreactor,
internal illumination, wireless power.", volume = "14", number = "2", pages = "43-5", }
