Design of One – Dimensional Tungsten Gratings for Thermophotovoltaic Emitters
In this paper, a one - dimensional microstructure tungsten grating (pyramids) is optimized for potential application as thermophotovoltaic (TPV) emitter. The influence of gratings geometric parameters on the spectral emittance are studied by using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA).The results show that the spectral emittance is affected by the gratings geometrical parameters. The optimum parameters are grating period of 0.5µm, a filling ratio of 0.8 and grating height of h=0.2µm. A broad peak of high emittance is obtained at wavelengths between 0.5 and 1.8µm. The emittance drops below 0.2 at wavelengths above 1.8µm. This can be explained by the surface plasmon polaritons excitation coupled with the grating microstructures. At longer wavelengths, the emittance remains low and this is highly desired for thermophotovoltaic applications to reduce the thermal leakage due to low-energy photons that do not produce any photocurrent. The proposed structure can be used as a selective emitter for a narrow band gap cell such as GaSb. The performance of this simple 1-D emitter proved to be superior to that from more complicated structures. Almost all the radiation from the emitter incident, at angles up to 40°, on the cell, could be utilized to produce a photocurrent. There is no need for a filter.
[1] S. Basu, Y.-B. Chen, and Z. M. Zhan, “Microscale radiation in
thermophotovoltaic devices - A review,” Int. J. Energy Res, vol. 31,
pp.689-716,Jan 2007.
[2] L. P. Wang, and Z. M. Zhang, “Wavelength-selective and diffuse emitter
enhanced by magnetic polaritons for thermophotovoltaics,” App. Phy.
Lett , vol.100,pp. 063902 1-4,Feb 2012.
[3] S. I. Mostafa, N.H. Rafat, and S.A. El-Naggar, “One-dimensional
metallic-dielectric (Ag/SiO2) photonic crystals filter for
thermophotovoltaic applications,” J. Ren .Energy,” vol.45,
pp.245-250,Mar 2012.
[4] J.T. Coutts, G. Guazzoni, and J. Luther, “Thermophotovoltaic Generation
of Electricity: Fifth Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of
Electricity,” Rome, Italy, 16-19 September2002.
[5] Y-B. Chen (thesis),”Rigorous Modeling of the Radiative Properties of
Micro/Nanostructures and Comparisons with Measurements of
Fabricated Gratings Slit Arrays,” Georgia Institute of Technology May,
2007.
[6] M.D. Whale, “The influence of interference and heterojunctions on the
performance of microscale thermophotovoltaic devices,” Microscale
The.phy. Engineering, vol.5, pp.89-106,Apr 2001.
[7] D. Diso , A. Licciulli , A. Bianco b, M. Lomascolo , G. Leo , M. Mazzer ,
S. Tundo , G. Torsello and A. Maffezzoli, “Erbium containing ceramic
emitters for thermophotovoltaic energy Conversion,” J Mat Sci and
Engineering B, vol.98 ,pp.144-149,Jan 2003
[8] H. Sai, Y. Kanamori, K. Hane, and H. Yugami, “Numerical study on
spectral properties of tungsten one dimensional surface-relief gratings for
spectrally selective devices,” J. Opt. Soc. Am, A, vol. 22,
pp.1805-1813,Sep 2005
[9] P. Nagpal, S. E. Han, A. Stein, and D. J. Norris, “Efficient
low-temperature thermophotovoltaic emitters from metallic photonic
crystals,” Nano Lett, vol. 8, pp. 3238–3243,Sep 2008
[10] A. Boueke, R. Kuhn, P. Fath, G. Willeke, and E. Bucher, “Latest results
on semitransparent power silicon solar cells,” J. Sol Energy. Mat and Sol
Cells, vol. 65,pp.549-553,2001
[11] C .Q. Zhang, “Recent progress in high-temperature solar selective
coatings,” J. Sol Energy. Mat and Sol Cells, vol. 62,pp.63-74,2000
[12] K. Sharma, H. S. Zaidi, C. P. Logofatu, and J.R.S. Breuck, “Optical and
electrical properties of nanostructured metal-silicon-metal
photodetectors,” IEEE J. of Qua. Electronics, vol.38, PP.1651–1660,2002
[13] Y.-B. Chen, and Z.M. Zhang, “Design of tungsten complex gratings for
thermophotovoltaic radiators,” J. Opt. Commun, vol.269:
PP.411-417,2007
[14] C. Fu, and Z. M. Zhang, “Thermal radiative properties of metamaterials
and other nanostructured materials: A review,” Front. Energy Power Eng.
China, vol. 3,pp. 11–26,2009
[15] P.J. Hesketh, J.N. Zemel, and B. Gebhart, “Organ pipe radiant modes of
periodic micromachined silicon surface,” Letter to Nature, vol.324,
pp.549-551,1986
[16] S. Maruyama, T. Kashiwa, H. Yugami, and M. Esashi, “Thermal
radiation from two-dimensionally confined modes in microcavities,” J.
Appl. Phys. Lett, vol.79.P.1393,2001
[17] N. Z. Jovanovic (Thesis), “Two-Dimension Photonic Crystals as
Selective Emitters for Thermophotovoltaic Power Conversion
Applications,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Jun 2005
[18] L.C. Chia, and B. Feng, “The development of a micropower
(micro-thermophotovoltaic) device (Review),” Power Sources, vol. 165,
pp.455-480,2007
[19] A. Narayanaswamy, and G. Chen, “Thermal emission control with
one-dimensional metallodielectric photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev, B, vol.
70,p.125101,2004
[20] H. Sai, H. Yugami, Y. Kanamori and K. Hane. Spectrally selective
thermal radiators and absorbers with periodic microstructured surface for
high-temperature applications. Micr. Thermophys. Eng, vol.
7,pp.101-115,2003
[21] H. Sai, Y. Kanamori, and H. Yugami, “Tuning of the thermal radiation
spectrum in the near-infrared region by metallic surface microstructures,”
J. Micromechanics and Micro Engineering, 15,PP. S243–S249,2005
[22] H. Sai, Y. Kanamori, and H. Yugami,” High-temperature resistive surface
grating for spectral control of thermal radiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett,
vol.82,pp.1685-1687, 2003.
[23] S.Y. Lin, J. Moreno, and J.G. Fleming, “Three-dimensional
photonic-crystal emitter for thermal photovoltaic power generation,” J.
App .Phy .Lett, vol.83,pp.380-382, 2003.
[24] N. N.-Huu, Y.-B. Chen and Y.-L. Lo, “Development of a
polarization-insensitive thermophotovoltaic emitter with a binary
grating,” Opt. S. of Am. Express, vol. 20, pp. 5882-5890,Mar 2012.
[25] M. G. Moharam, and T. K. Gaylord, “Rigorous coupled-wave analysis of
planar-grating diffraction,” Opt. Soc. Am, vol.71,pp.811-818,Jul 1981.
[26] S. Peng, and G. M. Morris, “Efficient implementation of rigorous
coupled-wave analysis for surface-relief gratings,” Opt. Soc. Am. A,vol.
12,pp.1087-1096,May 1995.
[27] H. Sai, T. Kamikawa, Y. Kanamori, K. Hane, H. Yugami and M.
Yamaguchi. Thermophotovoltaic generation with microstructured
tungsten selective emitters. In: Proceedings of the 6th conference on
thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity, pp. 206–214,2004.
[28] K. Qiu, and A.C.S. Hayden, “Development of a novel cascading TPV and
TE power generation system,” J. App. Energy, vol. 91, pp. 304–308,
Jan2012.
[29] D.W. Lunch, and W.R. Hunter, “Tungsten (W), in: E.D. Palik (Ed.),
Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, vol. 1, San Diego, CA, 1998
[30] A.W. Bett, and O.V. Sulima, “Gasb photovoltaic cells for applications in
TPV generators,” Semicond. Sci. Technol, vol.18,pp. S184-S190,
May2003.
[31] H. Raether, Surface Plasmons on Smooth and Rough Surfaces and on
Gratings, New York, 1988.
[32] K. Park, B.J. Lee, C. Fu, and Z.M. Zhang,” Study of the surface and bulk
polaritons with a negative index metamaterial,” Opt. Soc. Am, B, vol.
22,pp. 1016-1023,May 2005.
[33] A. Heinzel, V. Boerner, A. Gombert, B Blasi, V. Wittwer and J. Luther,
“Radiation filters and emitters for the NIR based on periodically
structured metal surfaces,” J. of Mod. Optics, vol.47,pp. 2399-2419,Feb
2000.
[1] S. Basu, Y.-B. Chen, and Z. M. Zhan, “Microscale radiation in
thermophotovoltaic devices - A review,” Int. J. Energy Res, vol. 31,
pp.689-716,Jan 2007.
[2] L. P. Wang, and Z. M. Zhang, “Wavelength-selective and diffuse emitter
enhanced by magnetic polaritons for thermophotovoltaics,” App. Phy.
Lett , vol.100,pp. 063902 1-4,Feb 2012.
[3] S. I. Mostafa, N.H. Rafat, and S.A. El-Naggar, “One-dimensional
metallic-dielectric (Ag/SiO2) photonic crystals filter for
thermophotovoltaic applications,” J. Ren .Energy,” vol.45,
pp.245-250,Mar 2012.
[4] J.T. Coutts, G. Guazzoni, and J. Luther, “Thermophotovoltaic Generation
of Electricity: Fifth Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of
Electricity,” Rome, Italy, 16-19 September2002.
[5] Y-B. Chen (thesis),”Rigorous Modeling of the Radiative Properties of
Micro/Nanostructures and Comparisons with Measurements of
Fabricated Gratings Slit Arrays,” Georgia Institute of Technology May,
2007.
[6] M.D. Whale, “The influence of interference and heterojunctions on the
performance of microscale thermophotovoltaic devices,” Microscale
The.phy. Engineering, vol.5, pp.89-106,Apr 2001.
[7] D. Diso , A. Licciulli , A. Bianco b, M. Lomascolo , G. Leo , M. Mazzer ,
S. Tundo , G. Torsello and A. Maffezzoli, “Erbium containing ceramic
emitters for thermophotovoltaic energy Conversion,” J Mat Sci and
Engineering B, vol.98 ,pp.144-149,Jan 2003
[8] H. Sai, Y. Kanamori, K. Hane, and H. Yugami, “Numerical study on
spectral properties of tungsten one dimensional surface-relief gratings for
spectrally selective devices,” J. Opt. Soc. Am, A, vol. 22,
pp.1805-1813,Sep 2005
[9] P. Nagpal, S. E. Han, A. Stein, and D. J. Norris, “Efficient
low-temperature thermophotovoltaic emitters from metallic photonic
crystals,” Nano Lett, vol. 8, pp. 3238–3243,Sep 2008
[10] A. Boueke, R. Kuhn, P. Fath, G. Willeke, and E. Bucher, “Latest results
on semitransparent power silicon solar cells,” J. Sol Energy. Mat and Sol
Cells, vol. 65,pp.549-553,2001
[11] C .Q. Zhang, “Recent progress in high-temperature solar selective
coatings,” J. Sol Energy. Mat and Sol Cells, vol. 62,pp.63-74,2000
[12] K. Sharma, H. S. Zaidi, C. P. Logofatu, and J.R.S. Breuck, “Optical and
electrical properties of nanostructured metal-silicon-metal
photodetectors,” IEEE J. of Qua. Electronics, vol.38, PP.1651–1660,2002
[13] Y.-B. Chen, and Z.M. Zhang, “Design of tungsten complex gratings for
thermophotovoltaic radiators,” J. Opt. Commun, vol.269:
PP.411-417,2007
[14] C. Fu, and Z. M. Zhang, “Thermal radiative properties of metamaterials
and other nanostructured materials: A review,” Front. Energy Power Eng.
China, vol. 3,pp. 11–26,2009
[15] P.J. Hesketh, J.N. Zemel, and B. Gebhart, “Organ pipe radiant modes of
periodic micromachined silicon surface,” Letter to Nature, vol.324,
pp.549-551,1986
[16] S. Maruyama, T. Kashiwa, H. Yugami, and M. Esashi, “Thermal
radiation from two-dimensionally confined modes in microcavities,” J.
Appl. Phys. Lett, vol.79.P.1393,2001
[17] N. Z. Jovanovic (Thesis), “Two-Dimension Photonic Crystals as
Selective Emitters for Thermophotovoltaic Power Conversion
Applications,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Jun 2005
[18] L.C. Chia, and B. Feng, “The development of a micropower
(micro-thermophotovoltaic) device (Review),” Power Sources, vol. 165,
pp.455-480,2007
[19] A. Narayanaswamy, and G. Chen, “Thermal emission control with
one-dimensional metallodielectric photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev, B, vol.
70,p.125101,2004
[20] H. Sai, H. Yugami, Y. Kanamori and K. Hane. Spectrally selective
thermal radiators and absorbers with periodic microstructured surface for
high-temperature applications. Micr. Thermophys. Eng, vol.
7,pp.101-115,2003
[21] H. Sai, Y. Kanamori, and H. Yugami, “Tuning of the thermal radiation
spectrum in the near-infrared region by metallic surface microstructures,”
J. Micromechanics and Micro Engineering, 15,PP. S243–S249,2005
[22] H. Sai, Y. Kanamori, and H. Yugami,” High-temperature resistive surface
grating for spectral control of thermal radiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett,
vol.82,pp.1685-1687, 2003.
[23] S.Y. Lin, J. Moreno, and J.G. Fleming, “Three-dimensional
photonic-crystal emitter for thermal photovoltaic power generation,” J.
App .Phy .Lett, vol.83,pp.380-382, 2003.
[24] N. N.-Huu, Y.-B. Chen and Y.-L. Lo, “Development of a
polarization-insensitive thermophotovoltaic emitter with a binary
grating,” Opt. S. of Am. Express, vol. 20, pp. 5882-5890,Mar 2012.
[25] M. G. Moharam, and T. K. Gaylord, “Rigorous coupled-wave analysis of
planar-grating diffraction,” Opt. Soc. Am, vol.71,pp.811-818,Jul 1981.
[26] S. Peng, and G. M. Morris, “Efficient implementation of rigorous
coupled-wave analysis for surface-relief gratings,” Opt. Soc. Am. A,vol.
12,pp.1087-1096,May 1995.
[27] H. Sai, T. Kamikawa, Y. Kanamori, K. Hane, H. Yugami and M.
Yamaguchi. Thermophotovoltaic generation with microstructured
tungsten selective emitters. In: Proceedings of the 6th conference on
thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity, pp. 206–214,2004.
[28] K. Qiu, and A.C.S. Hayden, “Development of a novel cascading TPV and
TE power generation system,” J. App. Energy, vol. 91, pp. 304–308,
Jan2012.
[29] D.W. Lunch, and W.R. Hunter, “Tungsten (W), in: E.D. Palik (Ed.),
Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, vol. 1, San Diego, CA, 1998
[30] A.W. Bett, and O.V. Sulima, “Gasb photovoltaic cells for applications in
TPV generators,” Semicond. Sci. Technol, vol.18,pp. S184-S190,
May2003.
[31] H. Raether, Surface Plasmons on Smooth and Rough Surfaces and on
Gratings, New York, 1988.
[32] K. Park, B.J. Lee, C. Fu, and Z.M. Zhang,” Study of the surface and bulk
polaritons with a negative index metamaterial,” Opt. Soc. Am, B, vol.
22,pp. 1016-1023,May 2005.
[33] A. Heinzel, V. Boerner, A. Gombert, B Blasi, V. Wittwer and J. Luther,
“Radiation filters and emitters for the NIR based on periodically
structured metal surfaces,” J. of Mod. Optics, vol.47,pp. 2399-2419,Feb
2000.
@article{"International Journal of Engineering, Mathematical and Physical Sciences:65227", author = "Samah. G. Babiker and Shuai Yong and Mohamed Osman Sid-Ahmed Xie Ming and A.M. Abdelbagi", title = "Design of One – Dimensional Tungsten Gratings for Thermophotovoltaic Emitters", abstract = "In this paper, a one - dimensional microstructure tungsten grating (pyramids) is optimized for potential application as thermophotovoltaic (TPV) emitter. The influence of gratings geometric parameters on the spectral emittance are studied by using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA).The results show that the spectral emittance is affected by the gratings geometrical parameters. The optimum parameters are grating period of 0.5µm, a filling ratio of 0.8 and grating height of h=0.2µm. A broad peak of high emittance is obtained at wavelengths between 0.5 and 1.8µm. The emittance drops below 0.2 at wavelengths above 1.8µm. This can be explained by the surface plasmon polaritons excitation coupled with the grating microstructures. At longer wavelengths, the emittance remains low and this is highly desired for thermophotovoltaic applications to reduce the thermal leakage due to low-energy photons that do not produce any photocurrent. The proposed structure can be used as a selective emitter for a narrow band gap cell such as GaSb. The performance of this simple 1-D emitter proved to be superior to that from more complicated structures. Almost all the radiation from the emitter incident, at angles up to 40°, on the cell, could be utilized to produce a photocurrent. There is no need for a filter.
", keywords = "Thermophotovoltaic, RCWA, Grating, Emittance, Surface plasmon polaritons", volume = "7", number = "9", pages = "1470-5", }
