Design and Economical Performance of Gray Water Treatment Plant in Rural Region
In India, the quarrel between the budding human
populace and the planet-s unchanging supply of freshwater and
falling water tables has strained attention the reuse of gray water as
an alternative water resource in rural development. This paper
present the finest design of laboratory scale gray water treatment
plant, which is a combination of natural and physical operations such
as primary settling with cascaded water flow, aeration, agitation and
filtration, hence called as hybrid treatment process. The economical
performance of the plant for treatment of bathrooms, basins and
laundries gray water showed in terms of deduction competency of
water pollutants such as COD (83%), TDS (70%), TSS (83%), total
hardness (50%), oil and grease (97%), anions (46%) and cations
(49%). Hence, this technology could be a good alternative to treat
gray water in residential rural area.
[1] Intizar Hussain, Liqa Raschid, Munir A. Hanjra, Fuard Marikar, Wim
Vander Hoek, "Wastewater use in agriculture: Review of impact and
methodological issues in valuing impacts", working paper 37, Colombo,
Shri Lanka, International water management institute, 2002, pp. 1-3.
[2] Emerson G., "Every drop is precious: Gray water as an alternative water
source", Queensland Parliamentary Library, Research bulletin no. 4 /
98, 1998.
[3] V. Little, R.J. Frye, C.P. Gerba, "A survey of the microbial quality of
recycled household gray water", J. of American water resources
association, vol. 37, no. 5, 2001, pp. 13-20.
[4] Dixon A., Butler D., Fawkes A., Robinson M., "Gray water and gray
water disposal system", Urban water-I, 1999, pp. 1-3.
[5] R. Ravindar Rao, R.C. Reddy, K.G. Rama RAo, P.S. Kelkar,
"Assessment of slow sand filtration system for rural water supply
schemes - A case study", Indian J. Environ Health, vol. 45, no. 1, Jan
2003, pp. 59-64.
[6] F. Brissaud, "Low technology systems for waste water treatment:
Perspectives", Water science and technology, vol. 55, no. 7, 2007, pp. 1-
9.
[7] M. A. Lopez-Zavala, "Treatment of lower load gray water by using a
controlled soil natural treatment system", Water science and technology,
vol.55, no.7, 2007, pp. 39-45.
[8] Erikson E., Auffarth K., Henze M. and Ledin A., "Characteristics of
gray water", Urban water - 4, 2002, pp. 85-104.
[9] Garland, J.L., Levin L.H., Yorio, N.C., and Hummerick M.E., "Response
of gray water recycling system based on hydroponic plant growth to
three classes of surfactants" Water Research -38, 2004, pp. 1952-1962.
[10] APHA, "Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater",
17th edition, 1989, USA.
[11] M. Chandra Sekhar, "Removal of lead from aqueous effluents by
adsorption on coconut shell carbon", J. of Environmental Science and
Engineering, vol. 50, no. 2, April 2008, pp. 137-140.
[1] Intizar Hussain, Liqa Raschid, Munir A. Hanjra, Fuard Marikar, Wim
Vander Hoek, "Wastewater use in agriculture: Review of impact and
methodological issues in valuing impacts", working paper 37, Colombo,
Shri Lanka, International water management institute, 2002, pp. 1-3.
[2] Emerson G., "Every drop is precious: Gray water as an alternative water
source", Queensland Parliamentary Library, Research bulletin no. 4 /
98, 1998.
[3] V. Little, R.J. Frye, C.P. Gerba, "A survey of the microbial quality of
recycled household gray water", J. of American water resources
association, vol. 37, no. 5, 2001, pp. 13-20.
[4] Dixon A., Butler D., Fawkes A., Robinson M., "Gray water and gray
water disposal system", Urban water-I, 1999, pp. 1-3.
[5] R. Ravindar Rao, R.C. Reddy, K.G. Rama RAo, P.S. Kelkar,
"Assessment of slow sand filtration system for rural water supply
schemes - A case study", Indian J. Environ Health, vol. 45, no. 1, Jan
2003, pp. 59-64.
[6] F. Brissaud, "Low technology systems for waste water treatment:
Perspectives", Water science and technology, vol. 55, no. 7, 2007, pp. 1-
9.
[7] M. A. Lopez-Zavala, "Treatment of lower load gray water by using a
controlled soil natural treatment system", Water science and technology,
vol.55, no.7, 2007, pp. 39-45.
[8] Erikson E., Auffarth K., Henze M. and Ledin A., "Characteristics of
gray water", Urban water - 4, 2002, pp. 85-104.
[9] Garland, J.L., Levin L.H., Yorio, N.C., and Hummerick M.E., "Response
of gray water recycling system based on hydroponic plant growth to
three classes of surfactants" Water Research -38, 2004, pp. 1952-1962.
[10] APHA, "Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater",
17th edition, 1989, USA.
[11] M. Chandra Sekhar, "Removal of lead from aqueous effluents by
adsorption on coconut shell carbon", J. of Environmental Science and
Engineering, vol. 50, no. 2, April 2008, pp. 137-140.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:49676", author = "Bhausaheb L. Pangarkar and Saroj B. Parjane and M.G. Sane", title = "Design and Economical Performance of Gray Water Treatment Plant in Rural Region", abstract = "In India, the quarrel between the budding human
populace and the planet-s unchanging supply of freshwater and
falling water tables has strained attention the reuse of gray water as
an alternative water resource in rural development. This paper
present the finest design of laboratory scale gray water treatment
plant, which is a combination of natural and physical operations such
as primary settling with cascaded water flow, aeration, agitation and
filtration, hence called as hybrid treatment process. The economical
performance of the plant for treatment of bathrooms, basins and
laundries gray water showed in terms of deduction competency of
water pollutants such as COD (83%), TDS (70%), TSS (83%), total
hardness (50%), oil and grease (97%), anions (46%) and cations
(49%). Hence, this technology could be a good alternative to treat
gray water in residential rural area.", keywords = "Gray water treatment plant, gray water, naturaltechnology, pollutant.", volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "1-5", }