With the growing of computer and network, digital
data can be spread to anywhere in the world quickly. In addition,
digital data can also be copied or tampered easily so that the security
issue becomes an important topic in the protection of digital data.
Digital watermark is a method to protect the ownership of digital data.
Embedding the watermark will influence the quality certainly. In this
paper, Vector Quantization (VQ) is used to embed the watermark into
the image to fulfill the goal of data hiding. This kind of watermarking
is invisible which means that the users will not conscious the existing
of embedded watermark even though the embedded image has tiny
difference compared to the original image. Meanwhile, VQ needs a lot
of computation burden so that we adopt a fast VQ encoding scheme by
partial distortion searching (PDS) and mean approximation scheme to
speed up the data hiding process.
The watermarks we hide to the image could be gray, bi-level and
color images. Texts are also can be regarded as watermark to embed.
In order to test the robustness of the system, we adopt Photoshop to
fulfill sharpen, cropping and altering to check if the extracted
watermark is still recognizable. Experimental results demonstrate that
the proposed system can resist the above three kinds of tampering in
general cases.
[1] Y. Linde, A. Buzo, R. Gray “An algorithm for vector quantizer design”
IEEE Trans. Commun., 28, 1980,pp. 84–95.
[2] N.M. Nasrabadi, R. King ‘Image coding using vector quantization: a
review” IEEE Trans. Commun., 36 (8) ,1988, pp. 957–971.
[3] Y.C. Lin, C.C. Wang,”Digital images watermarking by vector
quantization” Proc. Natl. Comput. Symp, 1999,pp. 76–87.
[4] B. Yang, Z.M. Lu, S.H. Sun, Reversible watermarking in the
VQ-compressed domain, in: Proceedings of 5th IASTED International
Conference on Visualization, Imaging and Image Processing, 2005, pp.
298–303. [5] C.C. Lin, S.C. Chen, N.L. Hsueh “Adaptive embedding techniques for
VQ-compressed images”Inform. Sci., 179 (3) 2009, pp. 140–149.
[6] L. Wang, Z. Pan, X. Ma, S. Hu “A novel high-performance reversible
data hiding scheme using SMVQ and improved locally adaptive coding
method’ J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent., 25 (2) ,2014, pp. 454–465
[7] Xu Ding, Zhe-Ming Lu and Fa-Xin Yu” A Robust Blind Image
Watermarking Scheme Based on Classified Vector Quantization “,
Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing,
Volume 6, Number 1, January 2015.
[1] Y. Linde, A. Buzo, R. Gray “An algorithm for vector quantizer design”
IEEE Trans. Commun., 28, 1980,pp. 84–95.
[2] N.M. Nasrabadi, R. King ‘Image coding using vector quantization: a
review” IEEE Trans. Commun., 36 (8) ,1988, pp. 957–971.
[3] Y.C. Lin, C.C. Wang,”Digital images watermarking by vector
quantization” Proc. Natl. Comput. Symp, 1999,pp. 76–87.
[4] B. Yang, Z.M. Lu, S.H. Sun, Reversible watermarking in the
VQ-compressed domain, in: Proceedings of 5th IASTED International
Conference on Visualization, Imaging and Image Processing, 2005, pp.
298–303. [5] C.C. Lin, S.C. Chen, N.L. Hsueh “Adaptive embedding techniques for
VQ-compressed images”Inform. Sci., 179 (3) 2009, pp. 140–149.
[6] L. Wang, Z. Pan, X. Ma, S. Hu “A novel high-performance reversible
data hiding scheme using SMVQ and improved locally adaptive coding
method’ J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent., 25 (2) ,2014, pp. 454–465
[7] Xu Ding, Zhe-Ming Lu and Fa-Xin Yu” A Robust Blind Image
Watermarking Scheme Based on Classified Vector Quantization “,
Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing,
Volume 6, Number 1, January 2015.
@article{"International Journal of Information, Control and Computer Sciences:69961", author = "Yung-Gi Wu", title = "Data Hiding by Vector Quantization in Color Image", abstract = "With the growing of computer and network, digital
data can be spread to anywhere in the world quickly. In addition,
digital data can also be copied or tampered easily so that the security
issue becomes an important topic in the protection of digital data.
Digital watermark is a method to protect the ownership of digital data.
Embedding the watermark will influence the quality certainly. In this
paper, Vector Quantization (VQ) is used to embed the watermark into
the image to fulfill the goal of data hiding. This kind of watermarking
is invisible which means that the users will not conscious the existing
of embedded watermark even though the embedded image has tiny
difference compared to the original image. Meanwhile, VQ needs a lot
of computation burden so that we adopt a fast VQ encoding scheme by
partial distortion searching (PDS) and mean approximation scheme to
speed up the data hiding process.
The watermarks we hide to the image could be gray, bi-level and
color images. Texts are also can be regarded as watermark to embed.
In order to test the robustness of the system, we adopt Photoshop to
fulfill sharpen, cropping and altering to check if the extracted
watermark is still recognizable. Experimental results demonstrate that
the proposed system can resist the above three kinds of tampering in
general cases.", keywords = "Data hiding, vector quantization, watermark.", volume = "9", number = "5", pages = "1252-8", }