With the rapid growth in business size, today-s businesses orient Throughout thirty years local, national and international experience in medicine as a medical student, junior doctor and eventually Consultant and Professor in Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, I note significant generalised dissatisfaction among medical students and doctors regarding their medical education and practice. We repeatedly hear complaints from patients about the dysfunctional health care system they are dealing with and subsequently the poor medical service that they are receiving. Medical students are bombarded with lectures, tutorials, clinical rounds and various exams. Clinicians are weighed down with a never-ending array of competing duties. Patients are extremely unhappy about the long waiting lists, loss of their records and the continuous deterioration of the health care service. This problem has been reported in different countries by several authors [1,2,3]. In a trial to solve this dilemma, a genuine idea has been suggested implementing computer technology in medicine [2,3]. Computers in medicine are a medium of international communication of the revolutionary advances being made in the application of the computer to the fields of bioscience and medicine [4,5]. The awareness about using computers in medicine has recently increased all over the world. In Misr University for Science & Technology (MUST), Egypt, medical students are now given hand-held computers (Laptop) with Internet facility making their medical education accessible, convenient and up to date. However, this trial still needs to be validated. Helping the readers to catch up with the on going fast development in this interesting field, the author has decided to continue reviewing the literature, exploring the state-of-art in computer based medicine and up dating the medical professionals especially the local trainee Doctors in Egypt. In part I of this review article we will give a general background discussing the potential use of computer technology in the various aspects of the medical field including education, research, clinical practice and the health care service given to patients. Hope this will help starting changing the culture, promoting the awareness about the importance of implementing information technology (IT) in medicine, which is a field in which such help is needed. An international collaboration is recommended supporting the emerging countries achieving this target.
[1] Glennys Parsell & John Bligh. Recent Perspectives on clinical teaching,
Medical Education, 2001; 35: 4, 409 - 414.
[2] A P Kent. Attitude is everything, Medical Education 2001; 35:11, 1011
-1012.
[3] McDonald CJ, Tierney WM. Computer-stored medical records. Their
future role in medical practice, JAMA, 1988; 259: 3433 - 3440.
[4] Schwartz, W. B., "Medicine and the Computer: The Promise and
Problems of Change," New Engl. J. Med, 1970; 283: 1257 - 1264.
[5] Peter Szolovitis. "Artificial Intelligence and Medicine" Chapter 1 in
Szolovits, P (Ed.) Westview Press; Boulder Colorado: 1982.
[6] Blum BI, Duncan KA. A History of Medical Informatics, ACM Press;
New York: 1990.
[7] Clifford Lynch. Where Do We Go From Here? The Next Decade for
Digital Libraries. D-Lib Magazine, 2005; 11, 7-8.
[8] Jonathan C Craig, Les M Irwig and Martin R Stockler. Evidence-based
medicine: useful tools for decision making, EMJA, 2001; 174: 284-253.
[9] Friedman, C., Hripcsak, G., DuMouchel, W., Johnson, SB., and Clayton,
PD. Natural language processing in an operational clinical information
system, J Nat. Lang.Eng, 1995; 1: 83 - 108.
[10] Sager, N., Lyman, M., Buchnall, C., Nha, NT.m and Tic, Lj. Natural
language processing and the representation of clinical data, JAMIA,
1994; 1: 142 - 160.
[11] Bas A De Leng, Diana H J M Dolmans, Arino M M Muijtjens & Cees P
M Van Der Vleuten. Students perceptions of a virtual learning
environment for a problem-based learning undergraduate medical
curriculum., Medical Education, 2006; 40:6, 568 - 575.
[12] Helge I Stromso, Per Grottum, Kirsten Hofgaard Lycke. Changes in
student approaches to learning with the introduction of computersupported
problem-based learning, Medical Education, 2004; 38:4, 390
- 398.
[13] Vernon R. Curran, Theodore Hoekman, Wayne Gulliver, Ian Landells
and Lydia Hatcher. Web-based continuing medical education (II):
Evaluation study of computer-mediated continuing medical education,
Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 2005; 20, 2:
106 -119.
[14] A. Milles, B. Charlton, P. Bentley, A. Polychronis, J. Grey and N. Price.
New Perspectives in the evidence based healthcare debate. Journal of
Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 2000; 6:2, 77 - 84.
[15] Janice M Johnston, Gabriel M Leung, Keith Y K Tin, Lai-Ming Ho,
Wendy Lam & Richard Fielding. Evaluation of a handheld clinical
decision support tool for evidence-based learning and practice in
medical undergraduates, Medical Education 2004; 38:6, 628 - 637.
[16] Dereck L. Hunt, R. Brian Haynes, Steven E. Hanna and Kristina Smith.
Effects of computer-based clinical decision support systems on
physician performance and patient outcomes, JAMA, 1989; 280; 15:
1339 -1346.
[17] Reuter DA, Felbinger TW, Schmidt C, Kilger E, Goedje O, Lamm P,
Goetz AE. Stroke variations for assessment of cardiac responsiveness to
volume loading in mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery,
Intensive care Med, 2002;28(4): 392 - 398.
[18] Steven M Yentis et al., Anaesthesia A-Z, second edition, An imprint of
Elsevier Science Ltd., Edinburgh, 2003; 40-41.
[19] Schwid HA, O-Donnell D. Anaesthesiologist-s management of
simulated critical incidents, Anaesthesiology, 1992; 76(4): 491 - 494.
[20] J.M. Taekman, G. Hobbs, L. Barber, B. G. Phillips-Bute, M. C. Wright,
M. F. Newman, and M. Stafford-Smith. Preliminary Report on the Use
of High-Fidelity Simulation in the Training of Study Coordinators
Conducting a Clinical Research Protocol, Anaesth. Analg., 2004; 99(2):
521 - 527.
[21] R Flin and N Maran. Identifying and training non-technical skills for
teams in acute medicine. Qual. Safe. Health Care, 2004; 13(suppl-1): i80
- i84.
[22] C S Burke, E Salas, K Wilson-Donnelly, and H Priest. How to turn a
team of experts into an expert medical team: guidance from the aviation
and military communities. Qual. Safe. Health Care, 2004; 13(suppl-1):
i96 - i104.
[23] J. Vozenilek, J.S. Huff, M. Renzek, and J.A. Gordon. See one, Do one,
Teach one: Advanced Technology in Medical Education. Acad. Emerg.
Med, 2004; 11(11): 1149 - 1154.
[24] T. K. Harrison, T. Manser, S. K. Howard, and D. M. Gaba. Use of
Cognitive Aids in a simulated Anaesthetic Crisis, Anaesth. Analg., 2006;
103(3): 551 - 556.
[25] W B Runciman, R W Morris, L M Watterson, J A Williamson, and A D
Paix. Crisis management during anaesthesia: cardiac arrest,
Qual.Safe.Health Care, 2005; 14(3): e14.
[26] M A Fox, R W Morris, W B Runciman, and A D Paix. Crisis
management during regional anaesthesia, Qual. Safe. Health Care, 2005;
14(3): e24.
[27] W B Runciman, M T Kluger, R W Morris, A D Paix, L M Watterson and
R K Webb. Crisis management during anaesthesia: the development of
an anaesthetic crisis management manual, Qual Saf Health Care, 2005;
14: 153.
[28] Miller PL. Critiquing anestetic management: the "ATTENDING"
computer system, Anaesthesiology, 1983; 58(4): 362 -369.
[29] Sanborn, Kevin V., Castro, Jose, Kuroda, Max MPH, Thys, Daniel.
Detection of Intraoperative Incidents by Electronic Scanning of
Computerized Anaesthesia Records: Comparison with voluntary
reporting. Anaesthesiology, 1996; 85(5): 977 -987.
[30] John Spencer, David Blackmore, Sam Heard, Peter McCrorie, David
McHaffie, Albert Scherpbier, Tarun Sen Gupta, Kuldip Singh & Lesley
Southgate. Patient-orientated learning: a review of the role of the patient
in the education of medical students, Medical Education, 2000,;34: 10,
851.
[31] Joseph P M Diederiks, Hans Bosma, Jacques T M Van Eijk, Marijke
Van Santen, Albert Scherpbier & Cees Van Vleuten. Chronic patients in
undergraduate education: didactic value as perceived by medical
students, Medical Education, 2006; 40: 8, 787 - 791.
[1] Glennys Parsell & John Bligh. Recent Perspectives on clinical teaching,
Medical Education, 2001; 35: 4, 409 - 414.
[2] A P Kent. Attitude is everything, Medical Education 2001; 35:11, 1011
-1012.
[3] McDonald CJ, Tierney WM. Computer-stored medical records. Their
future role in medical practice, JAMA, 1988; 259: 3433 - 3440.
[4] Schwartz, W. B., "Medicine and the Computer: The Promise and
Problems of Change," New Engl. J. Med, 1970; 283: 1257 - 1264.
[5] Peter Szolovitis. "Artificial Intelligence and Medicine" Chapter 1 in
Szolovits, P (Ed.) Westview Press; Boulder Colorado: 1982.
[6] Blum BI, Duncan KA. A History of Medical Informatics, ACM Press;
New York: 1990.
[7] Clifford Lynch. Where Do We Go From Here? The Next Decade for
Digital Libraries. D-Lib Magazine, 2005; 11, 7-8.
[8] Jonathan C Craig, Les M Irwig and Martin R Stockler. Evidence-based
medicine: useful tools for decision making, EMJA, 2001; 174: 284-253.
[9] Friedman, C., Hripcsak, G., DuMouchel, W., Johnson, SB., and Clayton,
PD. Natural language processing in an operational clinical information
system, J Nat. Lang.Eng, 1995; 1: 83 - 108.
[10] Sager, N., Lyman, M., Buchnall, C., Nha, NT.m and Tic, Lj. Natural
language processing and the representation of clinical data, JAMIA,
1994; 1: 142 - 160.
[11] Bas A De Leng, Diana H J M Dolmans, Arino M M Muijtjens & Cees P
M Van Der Vleuten. Students perceptions of a virtual learning
environment for a problem-based learning undergraduate medical
curriculum., Medical Education, 2006; 40:6, 568 - 575.
[12] Helge I Stromso, Per Grottum, Kirsten Hofgaard Lycke. Changes in
student approaches to learning with the introduction of computersupported
problem-based learning, Medical Education, 2004; 38:4, 390
- 398.
[13] Vernon R. Curran, Theodore Hoekman, Wayne Gulliver, Ian Landells
and Lydia Hatcher. Web-based continuing medical education (II):
Evaluation study of computer-mediated continuing medical education,
Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 2005; 20, 2:
106 -119.
[14] A. Milles, B. Charlton, P. Bentley, A. Polychronis, J. Grey and N. Price.
New Perspectives in the evidence based healthcare debate. Journal of
Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 2000; 6:2, 77 - 84.
[15] Janice M Johnston, Gabriel M Leung, Keith Y K Tin, Lai-Ming Ho,
Wendy Lam & Richard Fielding. Evaluation of a handheld clinical
decision support tool for evidence-based learning and practice in
medical undergraduates, Medical Education 2004; 38:6, 628 - 637.
[16] Dereck L. Hunt, R. Brian Haynes, Steven E. Hanna and Kristina Smith.
Effects of computer-based clinical decision support systems on
physician performance and patient outcomes, JAMA, 1989; 280; 15:
1339 -1346.
[17] Reuter DA, Felbinger TW, Schmidt C, Kilger E, Goedje O, Lamm P,
Goetz AE. Stroke variations for assessment of cardiac responsiveness to
volume loading in mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery,
Intensive care Med, 2002;28(4): 392 - 398.
[18] Steven M Yentis et al., Anaesthesia A-Z, second edition, An imprint of
Elsevier Science Ltd., Edinburgh, 2003; 40-41.
[19] Schwid HA, O-Donnell D. Anaesthesiologist-s management of
simulated critical incidents, Anaesthesiology, 1992; 76(4): 491 - 494.
[20] J.M. Taekman, G. Hobbs, L. Barber, B. G. Phillips-Bute, M. C. Wright,
M. F. Newman, and M. Stafford-Smith. Preliminary Report on the Use
of High-Fidelity Simulation in the Training of Study Coordinators
Conducting a Clinical Research Protocol, Anaesth. Analg., 2004; 99(2):
521 - 527.
[21] R Flin and N Maran. Identifying and training non-technical skills for
teams in acute medicine. Qual. Safe. Health Care, 2004; 13(suppl-1): i80
- i84.
[22] C S Burke, E Salas, K Wilson-Donnelly, and H Priest. How to turn a
team of experts into an expert medical team: guidance from the aviation
and military communities. Qual. Safe. Health Care, 2004; 13(suppl-1):
i96 - i104.
[23] J. Vozenilek, J.S. Huff, M. Renzek, and J.A. Gordon. See one, Do one,
Teach one: Advanced Technology in Medical Education. Acad. Emerg.
Med, 2004; 11(11): 1149 - 1154.
[24] T. K. Harrison, T. Manser, S. K. Howard, and D. M. Gaba. Use of
Cognitive Aids in a simulated Anaesthetic Crisis, Anaesth. Analg., 2006;
103(3): 551 - 556.
[25] W B Runciman, R W Morris, L M Watterson, J A Williamson, and A D
Paix. Crisis management during anaesthesia: cardiac arrest,
Qual.Safe.Health Care, 2005; 14(3): e14.
[26] M A Fox, R W Morris, W B Runciman, and A D Paix. Crisis
management during regional anaesthesia, Qual. Safe. Health Care, 2005;
14(3): e24.
[27] W B Runciman, M T Kluger, R W Morris, A D Paix, L M Watterson and
R K Webb. Crisis management during anaesthesia: the development of
an anaesthetic crisis management manual, Qual Saf Health Care, 2005;
14: 153.
[28] Miller PL. Critiquing anestetic management: the "ATTENDING"
computer system, Anaesthesiology, 1983; 58(4): 362 -369.
[29] Sanborn, Kevin V., Castro, Jose, Kuroda, Max MPH, Thys, Daniel.
Detection of Intraoperative Incidents by Electronic Scanning of
Computerized Anaesthesia Records: Comparison with voluntary
reporting. Anaesthesiology, 1996; 85(5): 977 -987.
[30] John Spencer, David Blackmore, Sam Heard, Peter McCrorie, David
McHaffie, Albert Scherpbier, Tarun Sen Gupta, Kuldip Singh & Lesley
Southgate. Patient-orientated learning: a review of the role of the patient
in the education of medical students, Medical Education, 2000,;34: 10,
851.
[31] Joseph P M Diederiks, Hans Bosma, Jacques T M Van Eijk, Marijke
Van Santen, Albert Scherpbier & Cees Van Vleuten. Chronic patients in
undergraduate education: didactic value as perceived by medical
students, Medical Education, 2006; 40: 8, 787 - 791.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:50298", author = "Essam Abd-Elrazek", title = "Computer Based Medicine: I - The Future", abstract = "With the rapid growth in business size, today-s businesses orient Throughout thirty years local, national and international experience in medicine as a medical student, junior doctor and eventually Consultant and Professor in Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, I note significant generalised dissatisfaction among medical students and doctors regarding their medical education and practice. We repeatedly hear complaints from patients about the dysfunctional health care system they are dealing with and subsequently the poor medical service that they are receiving. Medical students are bombarded with lectures, tutorials, clinical rounds and various exams. Clinicians are weighed down with a never-ending array of competing duties. Patients are extremely unhappy about the long waiting lists, loss of their records and the continuous deterioration of the health care service. This problem has been reported in different countries by several authors [1,2,3]. In a trial to solve this dilemma, a genuine idea has been suggested implementing computer technology in medicine [2,3]. Computers in medicine are a medium of international communication of the revolutionary advances being made in the application of the computer to the fields of bioscience and medicine [4,5]. The awareness about using computers in medicine has recently increased all over the world. In Misr University for Science & Technology (MUST), Egypt, medical students are now given hand-held computers (Laptop) with Internet facility making their medical education accessible, convenient and up to date. However, this trial still needs to be validated. Helping the readers to catch up with the on going fast development in this interesting field, the author has decided to continue reviewing the literature, exploring the state-of-art in computer based medicine and up dating the medical professionals especially the local trainee Doctors in Egypt. In part I of this review article we will give a general background discussing the potential use of computer technology in the various aspects of the medical field including education, research, clinical practice and the health care service given to patients. Hope this will help starting changing the culture, promoting the awareness about the importance of implementing information technology (IT) in medicine, which is a field in which such help is needed. An international collaboration is recommended supporting the emerging countries achieving this target.
", keywords = "Medical Informatics, telemedicine, e-health systems.", volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "1-6", }
