Comparative Study on Production of Fructooligosaccharides by p. Simplicissimum Using Immobilized Cells and Conventional Reactor System
Fructooligosaccharides derived from microbial enzyme especially from fungal sources has been received particular attention due to its beneficial effects as prebiotics and mass production. However, fungal fermentation is always cumbersome due to its broth rheology problem that will eventually affect the production of FOS. This study investigated the efficiency of immobilized cell system using rotating fibrous bed bioreactor (RFBB) in producing fructooligosaccharides (FOS). A comparative picture with respect to conventional stirred tank bioreactor (CSTB) and RFBB has been presented. To demonstrate the effect of agitation intensity and aeration rate, a laboratory-scale bioreactor 2.5 L was operated in three phases (high, medium, low) for 48 hours. Agitation speed has a great influence on P. simplicissimum fermentation for FOS production, where the volumetric FOS productivity using RFBB is increased with almost 4 fold compared to the FOS productivity in CSTB that only 0.319 g/L/h. Rate of FOS production increased up to 1.2 fold when immobilized cells system was employed at aeration rate similar to the freely suspended cells at 2.0 vvm.
[1] J.W. Yun, "Fructooligosaccharides - Occurrence, preparation and
application" Enzyme and Microbial Technology, vol 19, pp. 107-117,
1996.
[2] G. Flamm, W. Glinsmann, D. Kritchevsky, L. Prosky, M. Roberfroid,
"Inulin and oligofructose as dietary fiber: a review of the evidence" CRC
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, vol 41, pp. 353-362,
2001.
[3] K.N. Lee, D. Kritchevsky, M.W. Pariza, "Conjugated linoleic acid and
atherosclerosis in rabbits" Atherosclerosis, vol 108, pp. 19-25, 1994.
[4] S.F. Chin, W. Liu, J.M. Storkson, Y.L. Ha, M.W. Pariza, "Dietary
sources of conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acids, a newly
recognized class of anticarcinogens" Journal of Food Composition and
Analysis, vol 5, pp. 185-197, 1992.
[5] R.J. Henry, B. Darbyshire, "Sucrose fructosyltransferase and fructan
fructosyltransferase from Alium cepa" Phytochemistry, vol 19, pp. 1017-
1020, 1980.
[6] A. Nemukula, T. Mutanda, B.S. Wilhelmi, C.G. Whiteley, "Response
surface methodology: synthesis of short chain fructooligosaccharides
with a fructosyltransferase from Aspergillus aculeatus" Bioresource
Technology, vol 100, pp. 2040-2045, 2008.
[7] X.D. Wang, S.K. Rakshit, "Iso-oligosaccharides production by multiple
forms of transferase enzymes from Aspergillus foetidus" Process
Biochemistry, vol 35, pp. 771-775, 2000.
[8] O. Euzenat, A. Guibert, D. Combes, "Production of
fructooligosaccharides by levansucrase from Bacillus subtilis C4"
Process Biochemistry, vol 32, pp. 237-243, 1997.
[9] B.W. Kim, H.J. Kwon, J.P. Park, J.W. Yun, "Production of a novel
transfructosylating enzyme from Bacillus maceran EG-6" Bioprocess
Engineering, vol 23, pp. 11-16, 2000.
[10] D.D. Song, N.A. Jocoues, "Purification and enzymatic properties of
fructosyltransferase of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975"
Biochemistry Journal, vol 341, pp. 285-291, 1999.
[11] J.W. Yun, D.H. Kim, H.Y. Moon, C.H. Song, S.K. Song, "Simultaneous
formation of fructosyltransferase and glucosyltransferase in
Aureobasidium pullulans" J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol 7, pp. 204-208,
1997.
[12] K. Schugerl, R. Wittler, T. Lorens, "The use of molds in pellet
formations" Trends Biotechnology, vol 1, pp. 120-123, 1983.
[13] Z.N. Xu, S.T. Yang, "Production of mycophenolic acid by Penicillium
brevicompactum immobilized in a rotating fibrous bed bioreactor"
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, vol 40, pp. 623-628, 2007.
[14] J. Vajia, Y.Y. Linko, P. Linko, "Citric acid production with alginate
bead entrapped Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142" Applied Biochemistry
and Biotechnology, vol 7, pp. 51-54, 1982.
[15] T. Roukas, "Production of citric acid from beet molasses by immobilized
cells of Aspergillus niger" Journal of Food Science, vol 56, pp. 878-880,
1991.
[16] A. Tay, S.T. Yang, "Production of L(+)-lactic acid from glucose and
starch by immobilized cells of Rhizopus oryzae in a rotating fibrous bed
bioreactor" Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol 80 (1), pp. 1-12,
2002.
[17] P.T. Sangeetha, M.N. Ramesh, S.G. Prapulla, "Maximization of
fructooligosaccharides production by two stage continuous process and
its scale up" Journal of Food Engineering, vol 68, pp. 57-64, 2005.
[18] Z.J. Li, V. Shukla, K. Wneger, A. Fordyce, A.G. Pedersen, M. Marten,
"Estimation of hyphal tensile strength in production-scale Aspergillus
oryzae fungal fermentations" Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol 77,
pp. 601-613, 2002.
[19] N. Thongchul, "Lactic acid production by immobilized Rhizopus oryzae
in a rotating fibrous bed bioreactor" Ph.D thesis, The Ohio State
University, 2005.
[20] E.M. Silva, S.T. Yang, "Kinetics and stability of fibrous bed bioereactor
for continuous production of lactic acid from unsupplemented acid
whey" Journal of Biotechnology, vol 41, pp. 59-70, 1995.
[21] S.T. Yang, Y.M. Lo, D.B. Min, "Xanthan gum fermentation by
Xanthomonas campestris immobilized in a novel centrifugal fibrous bed
bioreactor" Biotechnol. Prog., vol 12, pp. 630-637, 1996.
[22] S.T. Yang, Y.M. Lo, D. Chattopadhyay, "Production of cell free xanthan
fermentation broth by cell adsorption on fibers" Biotechnol. Prog., vol
14, pp. 259-264, 1998.
[23] L. Jiang, J. Wang, S. Liang, X. Wang, P. Cen, Z. Xu, "Production of
butyric acid from glucose and xylose with immobilized cells of
Clostridium tyrobutyricum in a fibrous bed bioreactor" Appl. Biochem.
Biotechnol., vol 12, pp. 235-241, 2008.
[24] S. Rosalam, D. Krishnaiah, A. Bono, "Cell free xanthan gum production
using continuous recycled packed fibrous bed bioreactor membrane"
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, vol 4(1), pp. 1-5, 2008.
[25] Y.Q. Cui, J.N.W. Ouwehand, R.G.J.M. van der Lans, M.L.F. Giuseppin,
K.C.A.M. Luyben, "Aspects of the use of complex media for submerged
fermentation of Aspergillus awamori" Enzyme and Microbial
Technology, vol 23, pp.168-177, 1998.
[1] J.W. Yun, "Fructooligosaccharides - Occurrence, preparation and
application" Enzyme and Microbial Technology, vol 19, pp. 107-117,
1996.
[2] G. Flamm, W. Glinsmann, D. Kritchevsky, L. Prosky, M. Roberfroid,
"Inulin and oligofructose as dietary fiber: a review of the evidence" CRC
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, vol 41, pp. 353-362,
2001.
[3] K.N. Lee, D. Kritchevsky, M.W. Pariza, "Conjugated linoleic acid and
atherosclerosis in rabbits" Atherosclerosis, vol 108, pp. 19-25, 1994.
[4] S.F. Chin, W. Liu, J.M. Storkson, Y.L. Ha, M.W. Pariza, "Dietary
sources of conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acids, a newly
recognized class of anticarcinogens" Journal of Food Composition and
Analysis, vol 5, pp. 185-197, 1992.
[5] R.J. Henry, B. Darbyshire, "Sucrose fructosyltransferase and fructan
fructosyltransferase from Alium cepa" Phytochemistry, vol 19, pp. 1017-
1020, 1980.
[6] A. Nemukula, T. Mutanda, B.S. Wilhelmi, C.G. Whiteley, "Response
surface methodology: synthesis of short chain fructooligosaccharides
with a fructosyltransferase from Aspergillus aculeatus" Bioresource
Technology, vol 100, pp. 2040-2045, 2008.
[7] X.D. Wang, S.K. Rakshit, "Iso-oligosaccharides production by multiple
forms of transferase enzymes from Aspergillus foetidus" Process
Biochemistry, vol 35, pp. 771-775, 2000.
[8] O. Euzenat, A. Guibert, D. Combes, "Production of
fructooligosaccharides by levansucrase from Bacillus subtilis C4"
Process Biochemistry, vol 32, pp. 237-243, 1997.
[9] B.W. Kim, H.J. Kwon, J.P. Park, J.W. Yun, "Production of a novel
transfructosylating enzyme from Bacillus maceran EG-6" Bioprocess
Engineering, vol 23, pp. 11-16, 2000.
[10] D.D. Song, N.A. Jocoues, "Purification and enzymatic properties of
fructosyltransferase of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975"
Biochemistry Journal, vol 341, pp. 285-291, 1999.
[11] J.W. Yun, D.H. Kim, H.Y. Moon, C.H. Song, S.K. Song, "Simultaneous
formation of fructosyltransferase and glucosyltransferase in
Aureobasidium pullulans" J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol 7, pp. 204-208,
1997.
[12] K. Schugerl, R. Wittler, T. Lorens, "The use of molds in pellet
formations" Trends Biotechnology, vol 1, pp. 120-123, 1983.
[13] Z.N. Xu, S.T. Yang, "Production of mycophenolic acid by Penicillium
brevicompactum immobilized in a rotating fibrous bed bioreactor"
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, vol 40, pp. 623-628, 2007.
[14] J. Vajia, Y.Y. Linko, P. Linko, "Citric acid production with alginate
bead entrapped Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142" Applied Biochemistry
and Biotechnology, vol 7, pp. 51-54, 1982.
[15] T. Roukas, "Production of citric acid from beet molasses by immobilized
cells of Aspergillus niger" Journal of Food Science, vol 56, pp. 878-880,
1991.
[16] A. Tay, S.T. Yang, "Production of L(+)-lactic acid from glucose and
starch by immobilized cells of Rhizopus oryzae in a rotating fibrous bed
bioreactor" Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol 80 (1), pp. 1-12,
2002.
[17] P.T. Sangeetha, M.N. Ramesh, S.G. Prapulla, "Maximization of
fructooligosaccharides production by two stage continuous process and
its scale up" Journal of Food Engineering, vol 68, pp. 57-64, 2005.
[18] Z.J. Li, V. Shukla, K. Wneger, A. Fordyce, A.G. Pedersen, M. Marten,
"Estimation of hyphal tensile strength in production-scale Aspergillus
oryzae fungal fermentations" Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol 77,
pp. 601-613, 2002.
[19] N. Thongchul, "Lactic acid production by immobilized Rhizopus oryzae
in a rotating fibrous bed bioreactor" Ph.D thesis, The Ohio State
University, 2005.
[20] E.M. Silva, S.T. Yang, "Kinetics and stability of fibrous bed bioereactor
for continuous production of lactic acid from unsupplemented acid
whey" Journal of Biotechnology, vol 41, pp. 59-70, 1995.
[21] S.T. Yang, Y.M. Lo, D.B. Min, "Xanthan gum fermentation by
Xanthomonas campestris immobilized in a novel centrifugal fibrous bed
bioreactor" Biotechnol. Prog., vol 12, pp. 630-637, 1996.
[22] S.T. Yang, Y.M. Lo, D. Chattopadhyay, "Production of cell free xanthan
fermentation broth by cell adsorption on fibers" Biotechnol. Prog., vol
14, pp. 259-264, 1998.
[23] L. Jiang, J. Wang, S. Liang, X. Wang, P. Cen, Z. Xu, "Production of
butyric acid from glucose and xylose with immobilized cells of
Clostridium tyrobutyricum in a fibrous bed bioreactor" Appl. Biochem.
Biotechnol., vol 12, pp. 235-241, 2008.
[24] S. Rosalam, D. Krishnaiah, A. Bono, "Cell free xanthan gum production
using continuous recycled packed fibrous bed bioreactor membrane"
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, vol 4(1), pp. 1-5, 2008.
[25] Y.Q. Cui, J.N.W. Ouwehand, R.G.J.M. van der Lans, M.L.F. Giuseppin,
K.C.A.M. Luyben, "Aspects of the use of complex media for submerged
fermentation of Aspergillus awamori" Enzyme and Microbial
Technology, vol 23, pp.168-177, 1998.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:49626", author = "Noraziah A. Y. and Mashitah M. D. and Subhash Bhatia", title = "Comparative Study on Production of Fructooligosaccharides by p. Simplicissimum Using Immobilized Cells and Conventional Reactor System", abstract = "Fructooligosaccharides derived from microbial enzyme especially from fungal sources has been received particular attention due to its beneficial effects as prebiotics and mass production. However, fungal fermentation is always cumbersome due to its broth rheology problem that will eventually affect the production of FOS. This study investigated the efficiency of immobilized cell system using rotating fibrous bed bioreactor (RFBB) in producing fructooligosaccharides (FOS). A comparative picture with respect to conventional stirred tank bioreactor (CSTB) and RFBB has been presented. To demonstrate the effect of agitation intensity and aeration rate, a laboratory-scale bioreactor 2.5 L was operated in three phases (high, medium, low) for 48 hours. Agitation speed has a great influence on P. simplicissimum fermentation for FOS production, where the volumetric FOS productivity using RFBB is increased with almost 4 fold compared to the FOS productivity in CSTB that only 0.319 g/L/h. Rate of FOS production increased up to 1.2 fold when immobilized cells system was employed at aeration rate similar to the freely suspended cells at 2.0 vvm.
", keywords = "Fructooligosaccharides, immobilized, productivity, prebiotics.", volume = "5", number = "9", pages = "744-5", }
