Chemistry and Biological Activity of Feed Additive for Poultry Farming
Essential oils are one of the most important groups of biologically active substances present in plants. Due to the chemical diversity of components, essential oils and their preparations have a wide spectrum of pharmacological action. They have bactericidal, antiviral, fungicidal, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, sedative and other activities. They are expectorant, spasmolytic, sedative, hypotensive, secretion enhancing, antioxidant remedies. Based on preliminary pharmacological studies, we have developed a formulation called “Phytobiotic” containing essential oils, a feed additive for poultry as an alternative to antibiotics. Phytobiotic is a water-soluble powder containing a composition of essential oils of thyme, clary, monarda and auxiliary substances: dry extract of liquorice and inhalation lactose. On this stage of research, the goal was to study the chemical composition of provided phytobiotic, identify the main substances and determine their quantity, investigate the biological activity of phytobiotic through in vitro and in vivo studies. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 38 components were identified in phytobiotic, representing acyclic-, monocyclic-, bicyclic-, and sesquiterpenes. Together with identification of main active substances, their quantitative content was determined, including acyclic terpene alcohol β-linalool, acyclic terpene ketone linalyl acetate, monocyclic terpenes: D-limonene and γ-terpinene, monocyclic aromatic terpene thymol. Provided phytobiotic has pronounced and at the same time broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. In the cell model, phytobiotic showed weak antioxidant activity, and it was stronger in the ORAC (chemical model) tests. Meanwhile anti-inflammatory activity was also observed. When fowls were supplied feed enriched with phytobiotic, it was observed that gained weight of the chickens in the experimental group exceeded the same data for the control group during the entire period of the experiment. The survival rate of broilers in the experimental group during the growth period was 98% compared to -94% in the control group. As a result of conducted researches probable four different mechanisms which are important for the action of phytobiotics were identified: sensory, metabolic, antioxidant and antibacterial action. General toxic, possible local irritant and allergenic effects of phytobiotic were also investigated. Performed assays proved that formulation is safe.
[1] Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antibiotic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Tanacetum vulgare L. Essential Oil and Its Constituents Héloïse Coté 1,2, Marie-Anne Boucher 1,2, André Pichette 1,2 and Jean Legault 1,2,* Medicines 2017, 4, 34. .3-9.
[2] Атажанова, Г.А. Терпеноиды эфирных масел растений. Распространение,химическая модификация и биологическая активность / Г.А. Атажанова. – М., 2008. – 288 c.
[3] Берашвили Д., Бакуридзе А., Алания М., Гвазава Л., Балансард Г., Элиас Р.Глюкуронид апигенина из листьев Perilla nankinensis. Химия природных соединений 2005, №1 ст.78-79
[4] Берашвили Д., Бакуридзе А., Алания М., Кучухидзе Д., Гвазава Л., Балансард Г., Элиас Р.Диглюкуронид лютеолина из Perilla nankinensis. Химия природных соединений 2006, №1 ст.97-98
[5] Жученко, Е.В. Влияние эфирных масел на микроорганизмы различнойтаксономической принадлежности в сравнении с современными антибиотиками. СообщениеIII. Действие масел лаванды, розового дерева, эвкалипта, пихты на некоторыеграмотрицательные бактерии / Е.В. Жученко, Е.Ф. Семенова, Н.Н. Маркелова и др. //Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжскийрегион. Естественные науки. – 2015. –№ 1 (9). – С. 30–41.
[6] Akvlediani L.T., Koiava T.N., Lomtadze L.B., Djoxadze M.C., Mschiladze L.V., Berashvili D.T., Bakuridze A.D., Comparative analysis of antibacterial effect of phytoantibiotics and antibiotics”. Georgian Med News, № 11(260) 2016, c 79-86;
[7] Хроменко А В Анализ прецедентного применение извлечений шалфея мускатного. XXIII Международнаянаучно-производственнаяконференция «Инновационные решения в аграрной науке - взгляд в будущее».28-29 мая 2019 г. п. Майский 2019. 156-157с.
[8] Bakkalia, F. Biological effects of essential oils – a review / F. Bakkalia, S. Averbecka, D.Averbecka et al // Food and Chemical Toxicology. – 2008. – V. 46. – P. 446–475.
[9] Formulation and Technology of the Composition of Essential Oils as a Feed Additive in Poultry with Antibacterial Action, S. Barbaqadze, M. Goderdzishvili, E. Mosidze, L. Lomtadze, V. Mshvildadze, L. Bakuridze, D. Berashvili, A. Bakuridze, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol:15, No:1, 2021
[10] Ersan Bektas, Gönül Serdar, Münevver Sokmen & Atalay Sokmen. Biological Activities of Extracts and Essential Oil of Thymus transcaucasicus Ronniger. Published online: 30 Mar 2016. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.895208
[11] Guo Qunqun et al; Antibacterial activity of Perilla Frutescens leaf essential oil;Science and technology of Food Industry; 2003-09 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 5, Issue 11, November 2016.
[12] Gapdiremen A., Berashvili D., Oktay M., Halici Z., Shengelia D., Bakuridze A., Karanadze N. In vitro antioxidant and acute antiinflamatory profiles of Perilla nankinensis Decne. and Aloe arborescens Mill. extracts. Аллергология и иммунология т.5, №3, Тбилиси 2004. стр.447-480
[13] Gulcin I., Berashvili D., Gepdiremen A. Antiradical and antioxidant activity of total anthocyanins from Perilla nankinensis Decne. Ethnopharmacology 2005.
[14] Gulchin I., Uguz M., Oktay M. Evolution of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.). Turk. Jour. Agrik. For., Vol.28, pp.25-33, 2004.
[15] https://lekostyle.com/files/pdf/konservir_deistvie_1.pdf
[16] Minarchenko, V.M. Effect of silver nanoparticles on the physical and chemical propertiesof plant oils and their antimicrobial activity / V.M. Minarchenko, R.V. Kutsyk, N.P. Kovalska //Biotechnologia Acta. – 2017. – V. 10, No 6. – P. 35-44.
[17] Mehmet Emin Buyukokuroglu; Dali berashvili; Akcahan Gepdiremen, Mustafa Altinkeser. Antiinflammatory and Antinociceptive properties of Luteolin Diglucuronide and Apigenin Diglucuronide from Perilla nankinensis Asian Journal of Chemistry -vol. 20,# 3 2008, 1900-1906
[18] Nazzaro, F. Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria / F. Nazzaro, F. Frattani, L. DeMartino et al // Pharmaceuticals (Basel). – 2013. – Vol. 6. – P. 1451–1474.
[19] Paola Mattarelli, Francesco Epifano, Paola Minardi, Maura Di Vito, Monica Modesto, Lorenzo Barbanti / Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Aerial Parts of Monarda didyma and Monarda fistulosa Cultivated in Italy.- 2017.- P. 76-86
[20] Reichling, J. Essential oils of aromatic plants with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, andcytotoxic properties an overview / J. Reichling, P. Schnitzler, U. Suschke et al // Research in Complementary Medicine. – 2009. – № 16. – Р. 79–90.
[21] Shashiashvili N., Jokhadze M., Tushurashvili P. Bakuridze A. Berashvili D. Analysis of Perilla nankinensis Decne essential oil using Gas Chromatography coupled with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry. Georgian Med News № 4(229) 2014, 92-96.
[22] Sandy van Vuuren1, Alvaro Viljoen. Plant-Based Antimicrobial Studies – Methods and Approaches to Study the Interaction between Natural Products Planta Med 2012; 78(03): 302-302.
[23] Coté, H., M. Boucher, A. Pichette, B. Roger, and J. Legault. 2016. New antibacterial hydrophobic assay reveals Abies balsamea oleoresin activity against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 194:684– 689.
[24] Pal, S., Tak, Y. K., and Song, J. M. (2007). Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 27, 1712–1720. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02218-06
[25] Kaatz GW, Seo SM, O'Brien L, Wahiduzzaman M, Foster TJ. Evidence for the existence of a multidrug efflux transporter distinct from NorA in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44(5):1404-1406. doi:10.1128/AAC.44.5.1404-1406.2000
[1] Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antibiotic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Tanacetum vulgare L. Essential Oil and Its Constituents Héloïse Coté 1,2, Marie-Anne Boucher 1,2, André Pichette 1,2 and Jean Legault 1,2,* Medicines 2017, 4, 34. .3-9.
[2] Атажанова, Г.А. Терпеноиды эфирных масел растений. Распространение,химическая модификация и биологическая активность / Г.А. Атажанова. – М., 2008. – 288 c.
[3] Берашвили Д., Бакуридзе А., Алания М., Гвазава Л., Балансард Г., Элиас Р.Глюкуронид апигенина из листьев Perilla nankinensis. Химия природных соединений 2005, №1 ст.78-79
[4] Берашвили Д., Бакуридзе А., Алания М., Кучухидзе Д., Гвазава Л., Балансард Г., Элиас Р.Диглюкуронид лютеолина из Perilla nankinensis. Химия природных соединений 2006, №1 ст.97-98
[5] Жученко, Е.В. Влияние эфирных масел на микроорганизмы различнойтаксономической принадлежности в сравнении с современными антибиотиками. СообщениеIII. Действие масел лаванды, розового дерева, эвкалипта, пихты на некоторыеграмотрицательные бактерии / Е.В. Жученко, Е.Ф. Семенова, Н.Н. Маркелова и др. //Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжскийрегион. Естественные науки. – 2015. –№ 1 (9). – С. 30–41.
[6] Akvlediani L.T., Koiava T.N., Lomtadze L.B., Djoxadze M.C., Mschiladze L.V., Berashvili D.T., Bakuridze A.D., Comparative analysis of antibacterial effect of phytoantibiotics and antibiotics”. Georgian Med News, № 11(260) 2016, c 79-86;
[7] Хроменко А В Анализ прецедентного применение извлечений шалфея мускатного. XXIII Международнаянаучно-производственнаяконференция «Инновационные решения в аграрной науке - взгляд в будущее».28-29 мая 2019 г. п. Майский 2019. 156-157с.
[8] Bakkalia, F. Biological effects of essential oils – a review / F. Bakkalia, S. Averbecka, D.Averbecka et al // Food and Chemical Toxicology. – 2008. – V. 46. – P. 446–475.
[9] Formulation and Technology of the Composition of Essential Oils as a Feed Additive in Poultry with Antibacterial Action, S. Barbaqadze, M. Goderdzishvili, E. Mosidze, L. Lomtadze, V. Mshvildadze, L. Bakuridze, D. Berashvili, A. Bakuridze, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol:15, No:1, 2021
[10] Ersan Bektas, Gönül Serdar, Münevver Sokmen & Atalay Sokmen. Biological Activities of Extracts and Essential Oil of Thymus transcaucasicus Ronniger. Published online: 30 Mar 2016. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.895208
[11] Guo Qunqun et al; Antibacterial activity of Perilla Frutescens leaf essential oil;Science and technology of Food Industry; 2003-09 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 5, Issue 11, November 2016.
[12] Gapdiremen A., Berashvili D., Oktay M., Halici Z., Shengelia D., Bakuridze A., Karanadze N. In vitro antioxidant and acute antiinflamatory profiles of Perilla nankinensis Decne. and Aloe arborescens Mill. extracts. Аллергология и иммунология т.5, №3, Тбилиси 2004. стр.447-480
[13] Gulcin I., Berashvili D., Gepdiremen A. Antiradical and antioxidant activity of total anthocyanins from Perilla nankinensis Decne. Ethnopharmacology 2005.
[14] Gulchin I., Uguz M., Oktay M. Evolution of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.). Turk. Jour. Agrik. For., Vol.28, pp.25-33, 2004.
[15] https://lekostyle.com/files/pdf/konservir_deistvie_1.pdf
[16] Minarchenko, V.M. Effect of silver nanoparticles on the physical and chemical propertiesof plant oils and their antimicrobial activity / V.M. Minarchenko, R.V. Kutsyk, N.P. Kovalska //Biotechnologia Acta. – 2017. – V. 10, No 6. – P. 35-44.
[17] Mehmet Emin Buyukokuroglu; Dali berashvili; Akcahan Gepdiremen, Mustafa Altinkeser. Antiinflammatory and Antinociceptive properties of Luteolin Diglucuronide and Apigenin Diglucuronide from Perilla nankinensis Asian Journal of Chemistry -vol. 20,# 3 2008, 1900-1906
[18] Nazzaro, F. Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria / F. Nazzaro, F. Frattani, L. DeMartino et al // Pharmaceuticals (Basel). – 2013. – Vol. 6. – P. 1451–1474.
[19] Paola Mattarelli, Francesco Epifano, Paola Minardi, Maura Di Vito, Monica Modesto, Lorenzo Barbanti / Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Aerial Parts of Monarda didyma and Monarda fistulosa Cultivated in Italy.- 2017.- P. 76-86
[20] Reichling, J. Essential oils of aromatic plants with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, andcytotoxic properties an overview / J. Reichling, P. Schnitzler, U. Suschke et al // Research in Complementary Medicine. – 2009. – № 16. – Р. 79–90.
[21] Shashiashvili N., Jokhadze M., Tushurashvili P. Bakuridze A. Berashvili D. Analysis of Perilla nankinensis Decne essential oil using Gas Chromatography coupled with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry. Georgian Med News № 4(229) 2014, 92-96.
[22] Sandy van Vuuren1, Alvaro Viljoen. Plant-Based Antimicrobial Studies – Methods and Approaches to Study the Interaction between Natural Products Planta Med 2012; 78(03): 302-302.
[23] Coté, H., M. Boucher, A. Pichette, B. Roger, and J. Legault. 2016. New antibacterial hydrophobic assay reveals Abies balsamea oleoresin activity against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 194:684– 689.
[24] Pal, S., Tak, Y. K., and Song, J. M. (2007). Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 27, 1712–1720. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02218-06
[25] Kaatz GW, Seo SM, O'Brien L, Wahiduzzaman M, Foster TJ. Evidence for the existence of a multidrug efflux transporter distinct from NorA in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44(5):1404-1406. doi:10.1128/AAC.44.5.1404-1406.2000
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:80368", author = "Malkhaz Jokhadze and Vakhtang Mshvildadze and Levan Makaradze and Ekaterine Mosidze and Salome Barbaqadze and Mariam Murtazashvili and Dali Berashvili and Koba sivsivadze and Lasha Bakuridze and Aliosha Bakuridze", title = "Chemistry and Biological Activity of Feed Additive for Poultry Farming", abstract = "Essential oils are one of the most important groups of biologically active substances present in plants. Due to the chemical diversity of components, essential oils and their preparations have a wide spectrum of pharmacological action. They have bactericidal, antiviral, fungicidal, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, sedative and other activities. They are expectorant, spasmolytic, sedative, hypotensive, secretion enhancing, antioxidant remedies. Based on preliminary pharmacological studies, we have developed a formulation called “Phytobiotic” containing essential oils, a feed additive for poultry as an alternative to antibiotics. Phytobiotic is a water-soluble powder containing a composition of essential oils of thyme, clary, monarda and auxiliary substances: dry extract of liquorice and inhalation lactose. On this stage of research, the goal was to study the chemical composition of provided phytobiotic, identify the main substances and determine their quantity, investigate the biological activity of phytobiotic through in vitro and in vivo studies. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 38 components were identified in phytobiotic, representing acyclic-, monocyclic-, bicyclic-, and sesquiterpenes. Together with identification of main active substances, their quantitative content was determined, including acyclic terpene alcohol β-linalool, acyclic terpene ketone linalyl acetate, monocyclic terpenes: D-limonene and γ-terpinene, monocyclic aromatic terpene thymol. Provided phytobiotic has pronounced and at the same time broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. In the cell model, phytobiotic showed weak antioxidant activity, and it was stronger in the ORAC (chemical model) tests. Meanwhile anti-inflammatory activity was also observed. When fowls were supplied feed enriched with phytobiotic, it was observed that gained weight of the chickens in the experimental group exceeded the same data for the control group during the entire period of the experiment. The survival rate of broilers in the experimental group during the growth period was 98% compared to -94% in the control group. As a result of conducted researches probable four different mechanisms which are important for the action of phytobiotics were identified: sensory, metabolic, antioxidant and antibacterial action. General toxic, possible local irritant and allergenic effects of phytobiotic were also investigated. Performed assays proved that formulation is safe.
", keywords = "Clary, essential oils, monarda, phytobiotics, poultry, thyme.", volume = "15", number = "6", pages = "53-5", }
