Cellulose Nanocrystals Suspensions as Water-Based Lubricants for Slurry Pump Gland Seals
The tribological tests were performed on a new
tribometer, in order to measure the coefficient of friction of a gland
seal packing material on stainless steel shafts in presence of Cellulose
Nanocrystal (CNC) suspension as a sustainable, environmentally
friendly, water-based lubricant. To simulate the real situation from the
slurry pumps, silica sands were used as slurry particles. The surface
profiles after tests were measured by interferometer microscope to
characterize the surface wear. Moreover, the coefficient of friction
and surface wear were measured between stainless steel shaft and
chrome steel ball to investigate the tribological effects of CNC in
boundary lubrication region. Alignment of nanoparticles in the CNC suspensions are the
main reason for friction and wear reduction. The homogeneous
concentrated suspensions showed fingerprint patterns of a chiral
nematic liquid crystal. These properties made CNC a very good
lubricant additive in water.
[1] N. Ridgway, C. Colby, B. ONeill, Slurry pump gland seal wear,
Tribology International 42 (11) (2009) 1715–1721.
[2] B. Khorramian, G. Iyer, S. Kodali, P. Natarajan, R. Tupil, Review of
antiwear additives for crankcase oils, Wear 169 (1) (1993) 87–95.
[3] M. W. Sulek, T. Wasilewski, Tribological properties of aqueous solutions
of alkyl polyglucosides, Wear 260 (1) (2006) 193–204.
[4] A. Tomala, A. Karpinska, W. Werner, A. Olver, H. St¨ori, Tribological
properties of additives for water-based lubricants, Wear 269 (11) (2010)
804–810.
[5] H. Lei, W. Guan, J. Luo, Tribological behavior of fullerene–styrene
sulfonic acid copolymer as water-based lubricant additive, Wear 252 (3)
(2002) 345–350.
[6] R. M. Gresham, The mysterious world of mwf additives, Tribology and
Lubrication Technology 62 (9) (2006) 30.
[7] Y. Bao, J. Sun, L. Kong, Effects of nano-sio 2 as water-based lubricant
additive on surface qualities of strips after hot rolling, Tribology
International 114 (2017) 257–263.
[8] X. M. Dong, J.-F. Revol, D. G. Gray, Effect of microcrystallite
preparation conditions on the formation of colloid crystals of cellulose,
Cellulose 5 (1) (1998) 19–32.
[9] M.-C. Li, Q. Wu, K. Song, C. F. De Hoop, S. Lee, Y. Qing,
Y. Wu, Cellulose nanocrystals and polyanionic cellulose as additives in
bentonite water-based drilling fluids: rheological modeling and filtration
mechanisms, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 55 (1) (2015)
133–143.
[10] Y. C. Ching, M. E. Ali, L. C. Abdullah, K. W. Choo, Y. C. Kuan, S. J.
Julaihi, C. H. Chuah, N.-S. Liou, Rheological properties of cellulose
nanocrystal-embedded polymer composites: a review, Cellulose 23 (2)
(2016) 1011–1030.
[11] M. A. Hubbe, P. Tayeb, M. Joyce, P. Tyagi, M. Kehoe, K. Dimic-Misic,
L. Pal, Rheology of nanocellulose-rich aqueous suspensions: A review,
BioResources 12 (4) (2017) 9556–9661.
[12] S. Shafiei-Sabet, W. Y. Hamad, S. G. Hatzikiriakos, Rheology of
nanocrystalline cellulose aqueous suspensions, Langmuir 28 (49) (2012)
17124–17133.
[13] A. Misra, I. Finnie, On the size effect in abrasive and erosive wear,
Wear 65 (3) (1981) 359–373.
[14] C. Salas, T. Nypel¨o, C. Rodriguez-Abreu, C. Carrillo, O. J. Rojas,
Nanocellulose properties and applications in colloids and interfaces,
Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 19 (5) (2014) 383–396.
[15] J.-F. Revol, H. Bradford, J. Giasson, R. Marchessault, D. Gray,
Helicoidal self-ordering of cellulose microfibrils in aqueous suspension,
International journal of biological macromolecules 14 (3) (1992)
170–172.
[16] Y. Habibi, L. A. Lucia, O. J. Rojas, Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry,
self-assembly, and applications, Chemical reviews 110 (6) (2010)
3479–3500.
[17] J. J. Magda, S. G. Baek, K. DeVries, R. Larson, Shear flows of
liquid crystal polymers: measurements of the second normal stress
difference and the doi molecular theory, Macromolecules 24 (15) (1991)
4460–4468.
[1] N. Ridgway, C. Colby, B. ONeill, Slurry pump gland seal wear,
Tribology International 42 (11) (2009) 1715–1721.
[2] B. Khorramian, G. Iyer, S. Kodali, P. Natarajan, R. Tupil, Review of
antiwear additives for crankcase oils, Wear 169 (1) (1993) 87–95.
[3] M. W. Sulek, T. Wasilewski, Tribological properties of aqueous solutions
of alkyl polyglucosides, Wear 260 (1) (2006) 193–204.
[4] A. Tomala, A. Karpinska, W. Werner, A. Olver, H. St¨ori, Tribological
properties of additives for water-based lubricants, Wear 269 (11) (2010)
804–810.
[5] H. Lei, W. Guan, J. Luo, Tribological behavior of fullerene–styrene
sulfonic acid copolymer as water-based lubricant additive, Wear 252 (3)
(2002) 345–350.
[6] R. M. Gresham, The mysterious world of mwf additives, Tribology and
Lubrication Technology 62 (9) (2006) 30.
[7] Y. Bao, J. Sun, L. Kong, Effects of nano-sio 2 as water-based lubricant
additive on surface qualities of strips after hot rolling, Tribology
International 114 (2017) 257–263.
[8] X. M. Dong, J.-F. Revol, D. G. Gray, Effect of microcrystallite
preparation conditions on the formation of colloid crystals of cellulose,
Cellulose 5 (1) (1998) 19–32.
[9] M.-C. Li, Q. Wu, K. Song, C. F. De Hoop, S. Lee, Y. Qing,
Y. Wu, Cellulose nanocrystals and polyanionic cellulose as additives in
bentonite water-based drilling fluids: rheological modeling and filtration
mechanisms, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 55 (1) (2015)
133–143.
[10] Y. C. Ching, M. E. Ali, L. C. Abdullah, K. W. Choo, Y. C. Kuan, S. J.
Julaihi, C. H. Chuah, N.-S. Liou, Rheological properties of cellulose
nanocrystal-embedded polymer composites: a review, Cellulose 23 (2)
(2016) 1011–1030.
[11] M. A. Hubbe, P. Tayeb, M. Joyce, P. Tyagi, M. Kehoe, K. Dimic-Misic,
L. Pal, Rheology of nanocellulose-rich aqueous suspensions: A review,
BioResources 12 (4) (2017) 9556–9661.
[12] S. Shafiei-Sabet, W. Y. Hamad, S. G. Hatzikiriakos, Rheology of
nanocrystalline cellulose aqueous suspensions, Langmuir 28 (49) (2012)
17124–17133.
[13] A. Misra, I. Finnie, On the size effect in abrasive and erosive wear,
Wear 65 (3) (1981) 359–373.
[14] C. Salas, T. Nypel¨o, C. Rodriguez-Abreu, C. Carrillo, O. J. Rojas,
Nanocellulose properties and applications in colloids and interfaces,
Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 19 (5) (2014) 383–396.
[15] J.-F. Revol, H. Bradford, J. Giasson, R. Marchessault, D. Gray,
Helicoidal self-ordering of cellulose microfibrils in aqueous suspension,
International journal of biological macromolecules 14 (3) (1992)
170–172.
[16] Y. Habibi, L. A. Lucia, O. J. Rojas, Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry,
self-assembly, and applications, Chemical reviews 110 (6) (2010)
3479–3500.
[17] J. J. Magda, S. G. Baek, K. DeVries, R. Larson, Shear flows of
liquid crystal polymers: measurements of the second normal stress
difference and the doi molecular theory, Macromolecules 24 (15) (1991)
4460–4468.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:77497", author = "Mohammad Javad Shariatzadeh and Dana Grecov", title = "Cellulose Nanocrystals Suspensions as Water-Based Lubricants for Slurry Pump Gland Seals", abstract = "The tribological tests were performed on a new
tribometer, in order to measure the coefficient of friction of a gland
seal packing material on stainless steel shafts in presence of Cellulose
Nanocrystal (CNC) suspension as a sustainable, environmentally
friendly, water-based lubricant. To simulate the real situation from the
slurry pumps, silica sands were used as slurry particles. The surface
profiles after tests were measured by interferometer microscope to
characterize the surface wear. Moreover, the coefficient of friction
and surface wear were measured between stainless steel shaft and
chrome steel ball to investigate the tribological effects of CNC in
boundary lubrication region. Alignment of nanoparticles in the CNC suspensions are the
main reason for friction and wear reduction. The homogeneous
concentrated suspensions showed fingerprint patterns of a chiral
nematic liquid crystal. These properties made CNC a very good
lubricant additive in water.", keywords = "Gland seal, lubricant additives, nanocrystalline
cellulose, water-based lubricants.", volume = "12", number = "6", pages = "603-5", }
