Catalytic Aquathermolysis of Egyptian Heavy Crude Oil
Two Amphiphilic catalysts, iron (III) dodecylbenzene
sulfonate and nickel (II) dodecylbenzene sulfonate, were synthesized
and used in the catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy crude oil to reduce
its viscosity. The prepared catalysts exhibited good performance in
the aquathermolysis and the viscosity is reduced by ~ 78.9 % for
Egyptian heavy crude oil. The chemical and physical properties of
heavy oil both before and after reaction were investigated by FT-IR,
dynamic viscosity, molecular weight and SARA analysis. The results
indicated that the content of resin, asphaltene, average molecular
weight and sulfur content of heavy oil is reduced after the catalytic
aquathermolysis.
<p>[1] Thomas S. and S. M. Farouq Ali, "Status and Assessment of Chemical
Oil Recovery Methods", Energy Sources, 21,1999, 177–189
[2] Hitzman D. O., G. T. Sperl, "A New Microbial Technology for
Enhanced Oil Recovery and Sulfide Prevention and Reduction" 1994,
171-179,SPE/DOE ninth Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa,
OK, USA,.
[3] Xia T.X., M. Greaves, Upgrading Athabasca tar sand using toe to heel
air injection, Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 41 (2002) ,51–
57.
[4] Pineda–Perez L.A., L. Carbognani, R.J. Spencer, B. Maini, P.
Pereira Almao, "Hydrocarbon depletion of Athabasca core at near
steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) conditions", Energy & Fuels
24 (2010) 5947–5954.
[5] Lee DG and Noureldin A. "Effect of water on the low-temperature
oxidation of heavy oil", Energy & Fuels 3(6),1989; 713-715.
[6] Bagci S., M.V. Kok, In-situ combustion laboratory studies of Turkish
heavy oil reservoirs, Fuel Processing Technology 74 (2001) 65–79.
[7] Shokrlu Y. H., Y. Maham, X. Tan , T. Babadagli, M. Gray,
"Enhancement of the efficiency of in situ combustion technique for
heavy-oil recovery by application of nickel ions", Fuel 105 (2013) 397–
407.
[8] Hu CZ. 'Heavy oil exploitation technology". Beijing: Petroleum
Industry Publishing Inc.; 1998.
[9] Lu LH, Li MH, Su YL. "The overview of the heavy oil" AOSTRA J
Res., 29(3): 269-272.
[10] Dabbous M, Fulton PF. Low-temperature-oxidation reaction kinetics and
effects on the in situ combustion process. SPEJ 14(3):1974; 53–62.
[11] He B, Chen Q, Castanier LM, Kovscek AR. Improved in situ
combustion performance with metallic salt additives. 2005,In: SPE
93901, SPE western regional meeting, Irvine, CA, USA.
[12] Maity, S. K., Ancheyta, J., and Marroquı´n, G., Catalytic
Aquathermolysis Used for Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Crude Oils: A
Review, Energy & Fuels 24, (2010), 2809–2816
[13] Hyne J B, Clark PD. Studies on the chemical reactions of heavy oils
under steam stimulation condition. AOSTRAJ Res, 6(1): 1990, 29-39
[14] Clark P D, Hyne J B. Steam-oil chemical reactions: mechanism for the
aquathermolysis of heavy oil. AOSTRA J Res, 1(1): 1984, 15−20 .
[15] Clark P D, Hyne J B, Tyrer J D. Chemistry of organosulfur compound
types occurring in heavy oil sands: 1 High temperature hydrolysis and
thermolysis of tetrahydrothiophene in relation to steam stimulation
processes. Fuel, 62(8):1983, 959-962
[16] Clark P D, Hyne J B, Tyrer J D. Chemistry of organosulfur compound
types occurring in heavy oil sands:2 Influence of PH on the high
temperature hydrolysis of tetrathiophene and thiophene. Fuel, 63(1):
1984, 125-128
[17] Fan H F, Liu Y J, Zhao X F. Study on composition changes of heavy
oils under steam treatment. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,
29(3): 2001, 269−272.
[18] Fan H F, Liu Y J, Zhao X F. A study on heavy oil recovery by in-situ
catalytic aquathermal cracking. Oilfield Chemistry, 18(1): 2001, 13−16.
[19] Clark P D, Clarke R A, Hyne J B, Lesage K L. Studies on the effect of
metal species on oil sands undergoing steam treatments. AOSTRA J
Res, 6(1):1990, 53−64.
[20] Fan Z X, Zhao F L, Wang J X, Gong Y G. Upgrading and viscosity
reduction of super heavy oil by aquathermolysis with hydrogen donor.
Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 34(3):2006, 315−318.
[21] Vayssilov, G. N. "Structural and Physicochemical Features of Titanium
SilicalitesCatal. Rev.sSci. Eng. 39, 1997, 209.
[22] A. Budnyk , A. Damin, S. Bordiga, A. Zecchina, "Synthesis and
Characterization of High-Surface-Area Silica–Titania Monoliths" J.
Phys. Chem. C, 116 (18), 2012, pp 10064–10072.
[23] Zhang, W.-H.; Lu, J.; Han, B.; Li, M.; Xiu, J.; Ying, P.; Li, C. " Direct
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium-Substituted Mesoporous
Molecular Sieve SBA-15 Chem. Mater". 14, 2002, 3413−3421.
[24] B.C. Barja, J. Herszage and M. dos Santos Afonso, "Upgrading and
viscosity reduction of super heavy oil by aquathermolysis" Polyhedron
20 (2001) 1821–1830
[25] Susan, M. A.; Kaneko, T.; Noda, A. and Watanabe, M. "Ion gels
prepared by in situ radical polymerization of vinyl monomers in an ionic
liquid and their characterization as polymer electrolytes" J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 127,2005, 4976–4983.
[26] Seki, S.; Susan, A. B. H.; Kaneko, T.; Tokuda, H.; Noda, A.; Watanabe,
M. " Distinct Difference in Ionic Transport Behavior in Polymer
Electrolytes Depending on Matrix Polymers and Incorporated Salts" J.
Phys. Chem. B 109, 2005, 3886–3892.
[27] Glasstone, S., Laidler, K.J., Eyring, H., in “The Theory of Rate
Processes - The Kinetics of Chemical Reactions, Viscosity, Diffusion
and Electrochemical Phenomena” McGraw-Hill, New York. 1941.
[28] LI Wei, ZHU Jian-hua, QI Jian-hua, "Application of nano-nickel catalyst
in the viscosity reduction of Liaohe extra-heavy oil by aquathermolysis"
J Fuel Chem Technol, 35, 2007, 176−180.</p>
<p>[1] Thomas S. and S. M. Farouq Ali, "Status and Assessment of Chemical
Oil Recovery Methods", Energy Sources, 21,1999, 177–189
[2] Hitzman D. O., G. T. Sperl, "A New Microbial Technology for
Enhanced Oil Recovery and Sulfide Prevention and Reduction" 1994,
171-179,SPE/DOE ninth Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa,
OK, USA,.
[3] Xia T.X., M. Greaves, Upgrading Athabasca tar sand using toe to heel
air injection, Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 41 (2002) ,51–
57.
[4] Pineda–Perez L.A., L. Carbognani, R.J. Spencer, B. Maini, P.
Pereira Almao, "Hydrocarbon depletion of Athabasca core at near
steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) conditions", Energy & Fuels
24 (2010) 5947–5954.
[5] Lee DG and Noureldin A. "Effect of water on the low-temperature
oxidation of heavy oil", Energy & Fuels 3(6),1989; 713-715.
[6] Bagci S., M.V. Kok, In-situ combustion laboratory studies of Turkish
heavy oil reservoirs, Fuel Processing Technology 74 (2001) 65–79.
[7] Shokrlu Y. H., Y. Maham, X. Tan , T. Babadagli, M. Gray,
"Enhancement of the efficiency of in situ combustion technique for
heavy-oil recovery by application of nickel ions", Fuel 105 (2013) 397–
407.
[8] Hu CZ. 'Heavy oil exploitation technology". Beijing: Petroleum
Industry Publishing Inc.; 1998.
[9] Lu LH, Li MH, Su YL. "The overview of the heavy oil" AOSTRA J
Res., 29(3): 269-272.
[10] Dabbous M, Fulton PF. Low-temperature-oxidation reaction kinetics and
effects on the in situ combustion process. SPEJ 14(3):1974; 53–62.
[11] He B, Chen Q, Castanier LM, Kovscek AR. Improved in situ
combustion performance with metallic salt additives. 2005,In: SPE
93901, SPE western regional meeting, Irvine, CA, USA.
[12] Maity, S. K., Ancheyta, J., and Marroquı´n, G., Catalytic
Aquathermolysis Used for Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Crude Oils: A
Review, Energy & Fuels 24, (2010), 2809–2816
[13] Hyne J B, Clark PD. Studies on the chemical reactions of heavy oils
under steam stimulation condition. AOSTRAJ Res, 6(1): 1990, 29-39
[14] Clark P D, Hyne J B. Steam-oil chemical reactions: mechanism for the
aquathermolysis of heavy oil. AOSTRA J Res, 1(1): 1984, 15−20 .
[15] Clark P D, Hyne J B, Tyrer J D. Chemistry of organosulfur compound
types occurring in heavy oil sands: 1 High temperature hydrolysis and
thermolysis of tetrahydrothiophene in relation to steam stimulation
processes. Fuel, 62(8):1983, 959-962
[16] Clark P D, Hyne J B, Tyrer J D. Chemistry of organosulfur compound
types occurring in heavy oil sands:2 Influence of PH on the high
temperature hydrolysis of tetrathiophene and thiophene. Fuel, 63(1):
1984, 125-128
[17] Fan H F, Liu Y J, Zhao X F. Study on composition changes of heavy
oils under steam treatment. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,
29(3): 2001, 269−272.
[18] Fan H F, Liu Y J, Zhao X F. A study on heavy oil recovery by in-situ
catalytic aquathermal cracking. Oilfield Chemistry, 18(1): 2001, 13−16.
[19] Clark P D, Clarke R A, Hyne J B, Lesage K L. Studies on the effect of
metal species on oil sands undergoing steam treatments. AOSTRA J
Res, 6(1):1990, 53−64.
[20] Fan Z X, Zhao F L, Wang J X, Gong Y G. Upgrading and viscosity
reduction of super heavy oil by aquathermolysis with hydrogen donor.
Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 34(3):2006, 315−318.
[21] Vayssilov, G. N. "Structural and Physicochemical Features of Titanium
SilicalitesCatal. Rev.sSci. Eng. 39, 1997, 209.
[22] A. Budnyk , A. Damin, S. Bordiga, A. Zecchina, "Synthesis and
Characterization of High-Surface-Area Silica–Titania Monoliths" J.
Phys. Chem. C, 116 (18), 2012, pp 10064–10072.
[23] Zhang, W.-H.; Lu, J.; Han, B.; Li, M.; Xiu, J.; Ying, P.; Li, C. " Direct
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium-Substituted Mesoporous
Molecular Sieve SBA-15 Chem. Mater". 14, 2002, 3413−3421.
[24] B.C. Barja, J. Herszage and M. dos Santos Afonso, "Upgrading and
viscosity reduction of super heavy oil by aquathermolysis" Polyhedron
20 (2001) 1821–1830
[25] Susan, M. A.; Kaneko, T.; Noda, A. and Watanabe, M. "Ion gels
prepared by in situ radical polymerization of vinyl monomers in an ionic
liquid and their characterization as polymer electrolytes" J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 127,2005, 4976–4983.
[26] Seki, S.; Susan, A. B. H.; Kaneko, T.; Tokuda, H.; Noda, A.; Watanabe,
M. " Distinct Difference in Ionic Transport Behavior in Polymer
Electrolytes Depending on Matrix Polymers and Incorporated Salts" J.
Phys. Chem. B 109, 2005, 3886–3892.
[27] Glasstone, S., Laidler, K.J., Eyring, H., in “The Theory of Rate
Processes - The Kinetics of Chemical Reactions, Viscosity, Diffusion
and Electrochemical Phenomena” McGraw-Hill, New York. 1941.
[28] LI Wei, ZHU Jian-hua, QI Jian-hua, "Application of nano-nickel catalyst
in the viscosity reduction of Liaohe extra-heavy oil by aquathermolysis"
J Fuel Chem Technol, 35, 2007, 176−180.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:61026", author = "S. Desouky and A. Al sabagh and M. Betiha and A. Badawi and A. Ghanem and S. Khalil", title = "Catalytic Aquathermolysis of Egyptian Heavy Crude Oil", abstract = "Two Amphiphilic catalysts, iron (III) dodecylbenzene
sulfonate and nickel (II) dodecylbenzene sulfonate, were synthesized
and used in the catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy crude oil to reduce
its viscosity. The prepared catalysts exhibited good performance in
the aquathermolysis and the viscosity is reduced by ~ 78.9 % for
Egyptian heavy crude oil. The chemical and physical properties of
heavy oil both before and after reaction were investigated by FT-IR,
dynamic viscosity, molecular weight and SARA analysis. The results
indicated that the content of resin, asphaltene, average molecular
weight and sulfur content of heavy oil is reduced after the catalytic
aquathermolysis.
", keywords = "Amphiphilic catalyst, Aquathermolysis, Heavy oil,
Viscosity reduction.", volume = "7", number = "8", pages = "614-6", }
