Cardiac Function and Morphological Adaptations in Endurance and Resistance Athletes: Evaluation using a new Method
Background: Tissue Doppler Echocardiography
(TDE) assesses diastolic function more accurately than routine pulse
Doppler echo. Assessment of the effects of dynamic and static
exercises on the heart by using TDE can provides new information
about the athlete-s heart syndrome. Methods: This study was
conducted on 20 elite wrestlers, 14 endurance runners at national
level and 21 non-athletes as the control group. Participants underwent
two-dimensional echocardiography, standard Doppler and TDE.
Results: Wrestlers had the highest left ventricular mass index, enddiastolic
inter-ventricular septum thickness and left ventricular
Posterior wall thickness. Runners had the highest Left ventricular
end-diastolic volume, LV ejection fraction, stroke volume and
cardiac output. In TDE, the early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus
to the late diastolic velocity ratio in athletic groups was greater than
the controls with no significant difference. Conclusion: In spite of
cardiac morphological changes in athletes, TDE shows that cardiac
diastolic function won-t be adversely affected.
[1] J.C. Puffer, "Overview of The Athletic Heart Syndrome," in Exercise &
Sports Cardiology, 1st ed., P.D. Thompson, New York: McGraw-Hill,
2001, pp. 30-42.
[2] J. Barbier, N. Ville, G. Kervio, G. Walther, F. Carre, "Sports-Specific
Features of Athlete-s Heart and their relation to Echocardiographic
parameters," Herz., vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 531-543, Sep. 2006.
[3] R. Fagard, "Athlete-s Heart," Heart., vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 1455-1461,
Dec. 2003.
[4] A.E. Atchley, P.S. Douglas, "Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Athletes:
Morphologic Features and Clinical Correlates," Cardiol Clin., vol. 25,
no. 3, pp. 371-382, Aug. 2007.
[5] F. Halabchi, T. Seif-Barghi, R. Mazaheri, "Sudden Cardiac Death in
Young Athletes; A Literature Review and Special Considerations in
Asia," Asian Journal of Sports Medicine., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-15, March.
2011.
[6] S.F. Nagueh, K.J. Middelton, H.A. Kopelen, W.A. Zoghbi, M.A.
Quinones, "Doppler Tissue Imaging: A Noninvasive Technique for
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Relaxation and Estimation of Filling
Pressures," J Am Coll Cardiol., vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1527-1533, Nov.
1997.
[7] S.F. Nagueh, C.P. Appleton, T.C. Gillebert, P.N. Marino, J.K. Oh, O.A.
Smiseth, A.D. Waggoner, F.A. Flachskampf, P.A. Pellikka, A.
Evangelista, "Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular
diastolic function by echocardiography," J Am Soc Echocardiogr., vol.
22, no. 2, pp. 107-133, Feb. 2009.
[8] G. Pela, G. Bruschi, L. Montagna, M. Manara, C. Manca, "Left and
Right Ventricular Adaptation Assessed by Doppler Tissue
Echocardiography in Athletes," J Am Soc Echocardiogr., vol. 17, no. 3,
pp. 205-211, Mar. 2004.
[9] A.B. Sozen, V. Akkaya, S. Demirel, H. Kudat, T. Tukek, M. Unal, M.M.
Beyaz, O. Guven, F. Korkut, "Echocardiographic findings in
professional league soccer players. Effect of the position of the players
on the echocardiographic parameters," J Sports Med Phys Fitness., vol.
40, no. 2, pp. 150-155, Jun. 2000.
[10] M.L. Martinez-Mas, F. Javier Chorro, J. Sanchis, J.F. Asensi, J.A.
Losada, R. Ruiz, V. Lopez-Merino, "Doppler assessment of left
ventricular diastolic function in marathon runners," J Sports Med Phys
Fitness., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 50-55, Mar. 1994.
[11] A. Schmidt-Trucksass, A. Schmid, C. Haussler, G. Huber, M. Huonker,
J. Keul, "Left ventricular wall motion during diastolic filling in
endurance-trained athletes," Med Sci Sports Exerc., vol. 33, no. 2, pp.
189-195, Feb. 2001.
[12] P. Obert, S. Nottin, G. Baquet, D. Thevenet, F.X. Gamelin, S. Berthoin,
"Two months of endurance training does not alter diastolic function
evaluated by TDI in 9-11 year-old boys and girls," Br J Sports Med.,
vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 132-135, Feb. 2009.
[13] L.A. Gondoni, A.M. Titon, G. Silvestri, F. Nibbio, O. Taronna, P.
Ferrari, G. Leonetti, "Short term effects of physical exercise and low
calorie diet on left ventricular function in obese subjects: a tissue
Doppler study," Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 358-
364, Jun. 2007.
[14] N.R. Van de Veire, O. De Winter, J. Philippe, M. De Buyzere, D.
Bernard, M. Langlois, T.C. Gillebert, J. De Sutter, "Maximum oxygen
uptake at peak exercise in elderly patients with coronary artery disease
and preserved left ventricular function: The role of inflammation on top
of tissue Doppler-derived systolic and diastolic function," Am Heart J.,
vol. 152, no. 2, pp. 297.e1-7, Aug. 2006.
[1] J.C. Puffer, "Overview of The Athletic Heart Syndrome," in Exercise &
Sports Cardiology, 1st ed., P.D. Thompson, New York: McGraw-Hill,
2001, pp. 30-42.
[2] J. Barbier, N. Ville, G. Kervio, G. Walther, F. Carre, "Sports-Specific
Features of Athlete-s Heart and their relation to Echocardiographic
parameters," Herz., vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 531-543, Sep. 2006.
[3] R. Fagard, "Athlete-s Heart," Heart., vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 1455-1461,
Dec. 2003.
[4] A.E. Atchley, P.S. Douglas, "Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Athletes:
Morphologic Features and Clinical Correlates," Cardiol Clin., vol. 25,
no. 3, pp. 371-382, Aug. 2007.
[5] F. Halabchi, T. Seif-Barghi, R. Mazaheri, "Sudden Cardiac Death in
Young Athletes; A Literature Review and Special Considerations in
Asia," Asian Journal of Sports Medicine., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-15, March.
2011.
[6] S.F. Nagueh, K.J. Middelton, H.A. Kopelen, W.A. Zoghbi, M.A.
Quinones, "Doppler Tissue Imaging: A Noninvasive Technique for
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Relaxation and Estimation of Filling
Pressures," J Am Coll Cardiol., vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1527-1533, Nov.
1997.
[7] S.F. Nagueh, C.P. Appleton, T.C. Gillebert, P.N. Marino, J.K. Oh, O.A.
Smiseth, A.D. Waggoner, F.A. Flachskampf, P.A. Pellikka, A.
Evangelista, "Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular
diastolic function by echocardiography," J Am Soc Echocardiogr., vol.
22, no. 2, pp. 107-133, Feb. 2009.
[8] G. Pela, G. Bruschi, L. Montagna, M. Manara, C. Manca, "Left and
Right Ventricular Adaptation Assessed by Doppler Tissue
Echocardiography in Athletes," J Am Soc Echocardiogr., vol. 17, no. 3,
pp. 205-211, Mar. 2004.
[9] A.B. Sozen, V. Akkaya, S. Demirel, H. Kudat, T. Tukek, M. Unal, M.M.
Beyaz, O. Guven, F. Korkut, "Echocardiographic findings in
professional league soccer players. Effect of the position of the players
on the echocardiographic parameters," J Sports Med Phys Fitness., vol.
40, no. 2, pp. 150-155, Jun. 2000.
[10] M.L. Martinez-Mas, F. Javier Chorro, J. Sanchis, J.F. Asensi, J.A.
Losada, R. Ruiz, V. Lopez-Merino, "Doppler assessment of left
ventricular diastolic function in marathon runners," J Sports Med Phys
Fitness., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 50-55, Mar. 1994.
[11] A. Schmidt-Trucksass, A. Schmid, C. Haussler, G. Huber, M. Huonker,
J. Keul, "Left ventricular wall motion during diastolic filling in
endurance-trained athletes," Med Sci Sports Exerc., vol. 33, no. 2, pp.
189-195, Feb. 2001.
[12] P. Obert, S. Nottin, G. Baquet, D. Thevenet, F.X. Gamelin, S. Berthoin,
"Two months of endurance training does not alter diastolic function
evaluated by TDI in 9-11 year-old boys and girls," Br J Sports Med.,
vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 132-135, Feb. 2009.
[13] L.A. Gondoni, A.M. Titon, G. Silvestri, F. Nibbio, O. Taronna, P.
Ferrari, G. Leonetti, "Short term effects of physical exercise and low
calorie diet on left ventricular function in obese subjects: a tissue
Doppler study," Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 358-
364, Jun. 2007.
[14] N.R. Van de Veire, O. De Winter, J. Philippe, M. De Buyzere, D.
Bernard, M. Langlois, T.C. Gillebert, J. De Sutter, "Maximum oxygen
uptake at peak exercise in elderly patients with coronary artery disease
and preserved left ventricular function: The role of inflammation on top
of tissue Doppler-derived systolic and diastolic function," Am Heart J.,
vol. 152, no. 2, pp. 297.e1-7, Aug. 2006.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:55501", author = "K. Hosseini and MD. and R. Mazaheri and MD. and H.R. Khoddami Vishteh and MD. and M.A. Mansournia and MD. and H. Angoorani and MD", title = "Cardiac Function and Morphological Adaptations in Endurance and Resistance Athletes: Evaluation using a new Method", abstract = "Background: Tissue Doppler Echocardiography
(TDE) assesses diastolic function more accurately than routine pulse
Doppler echo. Assessment of the effects of dynamic and static
exercises on the heart by using TDE can provides new information
about the athlete-s heart syndrome. Methods: This study was
conducted on 20 elite wrestlers, 14 endurance runners at national
level and 21 non-athletes as the control group. Participants underwent
two-dimensional echocardiography, standard Doppler and TDE.
Results: Wrestlers had the highest left ventricular mass index, enddiastolic
inter-ventricular septum thickness and left ventricular
Posterior wall thickness. Runners had the highest Left ventricular
end-diastolic volume, LV ejection fraction, stroke volume and
cardiac output. In TDE, the early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus
to the late diastolic velocity ratio in athletic groups was greater than
the controls with no significant difference. Conclusion: In spite of
cardiac morphological changes in athletes, TDE shows that cardiac
diastolic function won-t be adversely affected.", keywords = "Tissue Doppler Echocardiography, Diastolic function, Athlete's heart syndrome, Static exercise, Dynamic exercise", volume = "5", number = "11", pages = "583-4", }
