Aqueous Extract of Flacourtia indica Prevents Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a well-known
hepatotoxin and exposure to this chemical is known to induce
oxidative stress and causes liver injury by the formation of free
radicals. Flacourtia indica commonly known as 'Baichi' has been
reported as an effective remedy for the treatment of a variety of
diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the
hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Flacourtia
indica against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. Animals were pretreated
with the aqueous extract of Flacourtia indica (250 & 500 mg/kg
body weight) for one week and then challenged with CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg
bw) in olive oil (1:1, v/v) on 7th day. Serum marker enzymes (ALP,
AST, ALT, Total Protein & Total Bilirubin) and TBARS level
(Marker for oxidative stress) were estimated in all the study groups.
Alteration in the levels of biochemical markers of hepatic damage
like AST, ALT, ALP, Total Protein, Total Bilirubin and lipid
peroxides (TBARS) were tested in both CCl4 treated and extract
treated groups. CCl4 has enhanced the AST, ALT, ALP and the
Lipid peroxides (TBARS) in liver. Treatment of aqueous extract of
Flacourtia indica leaves (250 & 500 mg/kg) exhibited a significant
protective effect by altering the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP,
Total Protein, Total Bilirubin and liver TBARS. These biochemical
observations were supported by histopathological study of liver
sections. From this preliminary study it has been concluded that the
aqueous extract of the leaves of Flacourtia indica protects liver
against oxidative damages and could be used as an effective protector
against CCl4 induced hepatic damage. Our findings suggested that
Flacourtia indica possessed good hepatoprotective activity
[1] K.S.G. Arulkumaran, A. Rajasekaran, R. Ramasamy, M. Jegadeesan, S.
Kavimani, and A. Somasundaram, "Cassia roxburghii seeds protect Liver
against Toxic effects of Ethanol and Carbontetrachloride in rats," Int J
PharmTech Res., 2007, Vol. 1(2), pp. 273-246.
[2] P.C. Sil, P. Manna, and M. Sinha, "Aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna
prevents carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic and renal disorders," BMC
Complementary Alternative Medicine., 2006, Vol. 6: 33.
Doi:10.1186/1472-6882-6-33.
[3] K.R. Kirtikar, and B.D. Basu, "Indian Medicinal Plants," India, Singh,
and MP Singh Publications, pp: 220.
[4] M. Nazneen, M.A. Mazid, J.K. Kundu, S.C. Bachar, M.A. Rashid, and
B.K. Datta, 2002, Dhaka Univ J Biol Sci, Vol. 11(2), pp. 183-187.
[5] V. Satyanarayana, G.L. Kurupadanam, and G. Srimanaraya, "A
butyrolactone lignan disaccharide from Flacourtia ramontchi,"
Phytochemistry, 1991, Vol. 30, pp. 1026-1029.
[6] P.K. Bhaumik, K.P. Guha, G.K. Biswas, and B. Mukherjee,"()Flacourtin,
a phenolic glucoside ester from Flacourtia indica," 1987,
Phytochemistry, Vol. 26, pp. 3090-3091.
[7] M. Nazneen, A. Mazid, J.K. Kundu, S.C. Bachar, F. Begum, and B.K.
Datta, "Protective effects of Flacourtia indica aerial parts extracts against
paracetamol induced hepatotoxiciy in rats," 2009, JTUSCI, Vol. 2, pp. 1-
6.
[8] J.B. Harbone, and H.H. Baxter, "Phytochemical Dictionary: A hand
Book of Bioactive Compound from plants," Taylor and Francis,
Washington, D.C., U.S.A, 1993, pp: 237.
[9] G.E. Trease, and M.C. Evans, "Text book of Pharmacognosy," 13th
Edition Bailiere Tindall, London, Toronto, Tokyo, 1989, pp: 200-201,
340-348, 419-423, 626-630, 765-775.
[10] S. Saraf, and V.K. Dixit, "Hepatoprotective activity of Tridax
procumbens part-II," Fitoterapia, 1991, Vol. 62, pp. 534-536.
[11] S. Mohideen, R. Ilavarasan, E. Sasikala, and T.R. Kumarn,
"Hepatoprotective activity of Nigella sativa Linn," Ind J Pharm Sci,
2003, Vol. 65, pp. 550-551.
[12] K.G. Rajesh, N.K. Achyut, W. Geeta, P.S. Murthy, C. Ramesh, and T.
Vibha, "Nutritional and Hypoglycemic Effect of Fruit Pulp of Annona
squamosa in Normal Healthy and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rabbits,"
Ann Nutr Metab, 2005, Vol. 49, pp. 407-413.
[13] H. Okhawa, N. Qohishi, and K. Yagi, "Assay of lipid peroxides in
animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction," Anal Biochem, 1979,
Vol. 95, pp. 351-358.
[14] T. Yoshikawa, Y. Furukawa, M. Murakami, S. Takemura, and M.
Kondo, "Effect of viatmin E on D-Galactosamine-induced or carbon
tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity," Digestion, 1982, Vol. 25, pp. 222-
229.
[15] L.W. Weber, M. Boll, and A. Stampfl, "Hepatotoxicity and mechanism
of action of haloalkanes: carbon tetrachloride as a toxicological model,"
Crit Rev Toxicol, 2003, Vol. 33, pp. 105-136.
[1] K.S.G. Arulkumaran, A. Rajasekaran, R. Ramasamy, M. Jegadeesan, S.
Kavimani, and A. Somasundaram, "Cassia roxburghii seeds protect Liver
against Toxic effects of Ethanol and Carbontetrachloride in rats," Int J
PharmTech Res., 2007, Vol. 1(2), pp. 273-246.
[2] P.C. Sil, P. Manna, and M. Sinha, "Aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna
prevents carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic and renal disorders," BMC
Complementary Alternative Medicine., 2006, Vol. 6: 33.
Doi:10.1186/1472-6882-6-33.
[3] K.R. Kirtikar, and B.D. Basu, "Indian Medicinal Plants," India, Singh,
and MP Singh Publications, pp: 220.
[4] M. Nazneen, M.A. Mazid, J.K. Kundu, S.C. Bachar, M.A. Rashid, and
B.K. Datta, 2002, Dhaka Univ J Biol Sci, Vol. 11(2), pp. 183-187.
[5] V. Satyanarayana, G.L. Kurupadanam, and G. Srimanaraya, "A
butyrolactone lignan disaccharide from Flacourtia ramontchi,"
Phytochemistry, 1991, Vol. 30, pp. 1026-1029.
[6] P.K. Bhaumik, K.P. Guha, G.K. Biswas, and B. Mukherjee,"()Flacourtin,
a phenolic glucoside ester from Flacourtia indica," 1987,
Phytochemistry, Vol. 26, pp. 3090-3091.
[7] M. Nazneen, A. Mazid, J.K. Kundu, S.C. Bachar, F. Begum, and B.K.
Datta, "Protective effects of Flacourtia indica aerial parts extracts against
paracetamol induced hepatotoxiciy in rats," 2009, JTUSCI, Vol. 2, pp. 1-
6.
[8] J.B. Harbone, and H.H. Baxter, "Phytochemical Dictionary: A hand
Book of Bioactive Compound from plants," Taylor and Francis,
Washington, D.C., U.S.A, 1993, pp: 237.
[9] G.E. Trease, and M.C. Evans, "Text book of Pharmacognosy," 13th
Edition Bailiere Tindall, London, Toronto, Tokyo, 1989, pp: 200-201,
340-348, 419-423, 626-630, 765-775.
[10] S. Saraf, and V.K. Dixit, "Hepatoprotective activity of Tridax
procumbens part-II," Fitoterapia, 1991, Vol. 62, pp. 534-536.
[11] S. Mohideen, R. Ilavarasan, E. Sasikala, and T.R. Kumarn,
"Hepatoprotective activity of Nigella sativa Linn," Ind J Pharm Sci,
2003, Vol. 65, pp. 550-551.
[12] K.G. Rajesh, N.K. Achyut, W. Geeta, P.S. Murthy, C. Ramesh, and T.
Vibha, "Nutritional and Hypoglycemic Effect of Fruit Pulp of Annona
squamosa in Normal Healthy and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rabbits,"
Ann Nutr Metab, 2005, Vol. 49, pp. 407-413.
[13] H. Okhawa, N. Qohishi, and K. Yagi, "Assay of lipid peroxides in
animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction," Anal Biochem, 1979,
Vol. 95, pp. 351-358.
[14] T. Yoshikawa, Y. Furukawa, M. Murakami, S. Takemura, and M.
Kondo, "Effect of viatmin E on D-Galactosamine-induced or carbon
tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity," Digestion, 1982, Vol. 25, pp. 222-
229.
[15] L.W. Weber, M. Boll, and A. Stampfl, "Hepatotoxicity and mechanism
of action of haloalkanes: carbon tetrachloride as a toxicological model,"
Crit Rev Toxicol, 2003, Vol. 33, pp. 105-136.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:50157", author = "Gnanaprakash K and Madhusudhana Chetty C and Ramkanth S and Alagusundaram M and Tiruvengadarajan VS and Angala Parameswari S and Mohamed Saleem TS", title = "Aqueous Extract of Flacourtia indica Prevents Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat", abstract = "Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a well-known
hepatotoxin and exposure to this chemical is known to induce
oxidative stress and causes liver injury by the formation of free
radicals. Flacourtia indica commonly known as 'Baichi' has been
reported as an effective remedy for the treatment of a variety of
diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the
hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Flacourtia
indica against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. Animals were pretreated
with the aqueous extract of Flacourtia indica (250 & 500 mg/kg
body weight) for one week and then challenged with CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg
bw) in olive oil (1:1, v/v) on 7th day. Serum marker enzymes (ALP,
AST, ALT, Total Protein & Total Bilirubin) and TBARS level
(Marker for oxidative stress) were estimated in all the study groups.
Alteration in the levels of biochemical markers of hepatic damage
like AST, ALT, ALP, Total Protein, Total Bilirubin and lipid
peroxides (TBARS) were tested in both CCl4 treated and extract
treated groups. CCl4 has enhanced the AST, ALT, ALP and the
Lipid peroxides (TBARS) in liver. Treatment of aqueous extract of
Flacourtia indica leaves (250 & 500 mg/kg) exhibited a significant
protective effect by altering the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP,
Total Protein, Total Bilirubin and liver TBARS. These biochemical
observations were supported by histopathological study of liver
sections. From this preliminary study it has been concluded that the
aqueous extract of the leaves of Flacourtia indica protects liver
against oxidative damages and could be used as an effective protector
against CCl4 induced hepatic damage. Our findings suggested that
Flacourtia indica possessed good hepatoprotective activity", keywords = "Carbon Tetrachloride, Flacourtia indica, Hepatoprotective activity, Oxidative stress", volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "1-5", }