An Investigation on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concretes

Because of the easy applying and not costing too much, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) is one of the most used non-destructive techniques to determine concrete characteristics along with impact-echo, Schmidt rebound hammer (SRH) and pulse-echo. This article investigates the relationship between UPV and compressive strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concretes. Water/cement ratio (w/c) was kept at 0.4 for all concrete mixes. Compressive strength of concrete was targeted at 35 MPa. UPV testing and compressive strength tests were carried out at the curing age of 28 days. The UPV of concrete containing steel fibers has been found to be higher than plain concrete for all the testing groups. It is decided that there is not a certain relationship between fiber addition and strength.





References:
[1] Anderson, D.A. and Seals, R.K., Pulse velocity as a predictor of 28 and 90 day strength, ACI J., 78, 116, 1981.
[2] Behbahani, H. P., (2010). Flexural behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering).
[3] Berhe and Ladkany, 2011. “Structural behaviors of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Flowable Concrete Beams and Plates. Proceedings of the SEMC, Cape town South Africa, Sept, 2011.
[4] Berriman, J., Purnell, P., Hutchins, D.A., Neild, A. (2005). Humidity and aggregate content correction factors for air-coupled ultrasonic evaluation of concrete. Ultrasonics, Vol. 43, pp. 211–217.
[5] Ikpong A.A., (1993). The relationship between the strength and non-destructive parameters of rice husk ash concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 23, pp. 387-398.
[6] Jones, R., Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete, Cambridge University Press, London, 1962.
[7] Jones, R., Testing of concrete by an ultrasonic pulse technique, RILEM Int. Symp. On Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures, Paris, Vol. 1, Paper No. A-17 January 1954, 137. RILEM Bull., 19(Part 2), Nov. 1954.
[8] Kaplan, M.F., The effects of age and water to cement ratio upon the relation between ultrasonic pulse velocity and compressive strength of concrete, Mag. Concr. Res., 11(32), 85, 1959.
[9] Kheder G.F. (1999). A two stage procedure for assessment of in situ concrete strength using combined non-destructive testing. Materials and Structures, Vol. 32, pp. 410–417.
[10] Ladkany, S. and Berhe, A. (2013) a and b. “Characterization and Applications of High Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced SCC and Flowable Concrete,” proceedings of SCC 2013, Chicago, II, May 2013, 13 pages.
[11] TS 2941 (1978). “Determination of Unit Weight, Yield and Air Content of Fresh Concrete by Weighting Procedure”, Turkish Standard., Turkey (in Turkish). TS 3502 (1981). “Test Method of Static Modulus of Elasticity And Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression”,Turkish Standard., Turkey (in Turkish).
[12] TS 3624 (1981). “Test Method of Determination the Specific Gravity the Absorbtion Water and the Void Raito in Hardened Concrete”, Turkish Standard., Turkey (in Turkish). TS 500 (2000). “Requirements for Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Structures”, Turkish Standard., Turkey (in Turkish).
[13] TS 5893 ISO 3893 (1999). “Concrete - Classification By Compressive Strength”, Turkish Standard., Turkey (in Turkish).
[14] TS EN 12350-2 (2002). “Testing Fresh Concrete – Part 2: Slump Test”, Turkish Standard., Turkey (in Turkish).
[15] TS EN 12350–7 (2002). “Testing Fresh Concrete – Part 7: Air Content – Compressive Methods”, Turkish Standard., Turkey (in Turkish).
[16] TS EN 12390–2 (2002). “Testing Hardened Concrete – Part 2: Making and Curing Specimens For Strength Tests”, Turkish Standard., Turkey (in Turkish).
[17] TS EN 12390–3 (2003). “Testing Hardened Concrete – Part 3: Compressive Strength of Test Specimens”, Turkish Standard., Turkey (in Turkish).
[18] TS EN 12390-6 (2002). “Testing Hardened Concrete – Part 6: Tensile Splitting Strength for Test Specimens” Turkish Standard., Turkey (in Turkish).
[19] TS EN 206–1 (2002). ‘‘Concrete – Part 1: Specification, Performance, Production and Conformity’’, Turkish Standard., Turkey (in Turkish).
[20] TS. 802 (1985). “Design Concrete Mixes”, Turkish Standard., Turkey (in Turkish)
[21] Krautkramer, J. and H. Krautkramer, 1969. Ultrasonic Testing of materials, G. Allen & Unwin. J. Sound Vibration, 11(1): 157-158.
[22] Nash’t I. H., A’bour S. H., Sadoon A. A. (2005). Finding a united relationship between crushing strength of concrete and non-destructive tests, Proceedings of Middle East Nondestructive Testing Conference & Exhibition, Bahrain, 2005.
[23] Ye, G., Lura, P., Van Breugel, K., & Fraaij, A. L. A. (2004). Study on the development of the microstructure in cement-based materials by means of numerical simulation and ultrasonic pulse velocity measurement. Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(5), 491-497.
[24] Lect. Sallal Rashid Al-Owaisy, (2006). Post Heat Exposure Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 10, No. 2, June (2006) ISSN 1813-7822.
[25] Bentur, A., & Mindness, S., 1990, “Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites”, Elsevier Applied Science, London and NewYork.
[26] Aly, Tarek, J. G. Sanjayan, and Francis Collins. "Effect of polypropylene fibers on shrinkage and cracking of concretes." Materials and Structures 41.10 (2008): 1741-1753.
[27] Whitney, James Martin, and Marvin Knight. "The relationship between tensile strength and flexure strength in fiber-reinforced composites." Experimental Mechanics 20.6 (1980): 211-216.