AGHAZ : An Expert System Based approach for the Translation of English to Urdu
Machine Translation (MT 3) of English text to its Urdu equivalent is a difficult challenge. Lot of attempts has been made, but a few limited solutions are provided till now. We present a direct approach, using an expert system to translate English text into its equivalent Urdu, using The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 (ISBN 0-321-18578-1) Range: 0600–06FF. The expert system works with a knowledge base that contains grammatical patterns of English and Urdu, as well as a tense and gender-aware dictionary of Urdu words (with their English equivalents).
[1] I.A. Sag, T. Baldwin, F. Bond, A. Copestake, D. Flickinger 2001,
"Multi-word Expressions: A Pain in the Neck for NLP", LinGO Working
Paper No. 2001-03. Stanford University, CA.
[2] Scott S. L. Piao, Paul Rayson, Dawn Archer, Andrew Wilson, Tony
McEnery "Extracting Multiword Expression Using a Semantic Tagger",
Lancaster University.
[3] Ann Copestake, Fabre Lambeau, Aline Villavicecio, Francis Bond,
Timothy Baldwin, Ivan A.Sag, Dan Flickinger, "Multiword Expressions:
linguistic precision and reusability", University of Cambridge Computer
Laboratory, William Gates Building, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge,
CB3 0FD, UK. NTT Communication Science Labortries, Hikari Dai,
Seiko-cho,Soraku-gun, Kioto 619-0237, JAPAN.
[4] Z. Pervez, S. Khan, F. Mustafa, M. Mahmood, U. Hasan, "Pharasal
Consolidation Algorithm for Part Of Speech Tags In Machine
Translation From English To Urdu" National University of Science and
Technology, Rawalpindi Pakistan.
[5] Sarmad Hussein. "Letter-to-Sound Conversion for Urdu Text-to-Speech
System". Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing, National
University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
[6] T. Rahman (2002). "Language Ideology and Power: Language Learning
Among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India", Oxford University
Press, Karachi, Pakistan.
[7] Ethnologue, 13th Edition.
[8] T. Mitamura, E. Nyberg, E. Torrejon, D. Svoboda, A.Brunner and K.
Baker, "Pronominal Anaphora Resolution in the Kantoo Multilingual
Machine Translation System", Proceedings of the 9th International
Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation. Keihanna, Japan, Mar 2002.
[9] AltaVista Babelfish. URL: http://babelfish.altavista.com
[10] Google Language Tool.
URL: http://www.google.com.pk/language_tools
[11] Z. Pervez, S. Khan, F. Mustafa, M. Mahmood, U. Hasan, "Pharasal
Consolidation Algorithm for Part Of Speech Tags In Machine
Translation from English to Urdu", NUST Institute of Information
Technology, National University of Sciences and Technology.
[1] I.A. Sag, T. Baldwin, F. Bond, A. Copestake, D. Flickinger 2001,
"Multi-word Expressions: A Pain in the Neck for NLP", LinGO Working
Paper No. 2001-03. Stanford University, CA.
[2] Scott S. L. Piao, Paul Rayson, Dawn Archer, Andrew Wilson, Tony
McEnery "Extracting Multiword Expression Using a Semantic Tagger",
Lancaster University.
[3] Ann Copestake, Fabre Lambeau, Aline Villavicecio, Francis Bond,
Timothy Baldwin, Ivan A.Sag, Dan Flickinger, "Multiword Expressions:
linguistic precision and reusability", University of Cambridge Computer
Laboratory, William Gates Building, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge,
CB3 0FD, UK. NTT Communication Science Labortries, Hikari Dai,
Seiko-cho,Soraku-gun, Kioto 619-0237, JAPAN.
[4] Z. Pervez, S. Khan, F. Mustafa, M. Mahmood, U. Hasan, "Pharasal
Consolidation Algorithm for Part Of Speech Tags In Machine
Translation From English To Urdu" National University of Science and
Technology, Rawalpindi Pakistan.
[5] Sarmad Hussein. "Letter-to-Sound Conversion for Urdu Text-to-Speech
System". Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing, National
University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
[6] T. Rahman (2002). "Language Ideology and Power: Language Learning
Among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India", Oxford University
Press, Karachi, Pakistan.
[7] Ethnologue, 13th Edition.
[8] T. Mitamura, E. Nyberg, E. Torrejon, D. Svoboda, A.Brunner and K.
Baker, "Pronominal Anaphora Resolution in the Kantoo Multilingual
Machine Translation System", Proceedings of the 9th International
Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation. Keihanna, Japan, Mar 2002.
[9] AltaVista Babelfish. URL: http://babelfish.altavista.com
[10] Google Language Tool.
URL: http://www.google.com.pk/language_tools
[11] Z. Pervez, S. Khan, F. Mustafa, M. Mahmood, U. Hasan, "Pharasal
Consolidation Algorithm for Part Of Speech Tags In Machine
Translation from English to Urdu", NUST Institute of Information
Technology, National University of Sciences and Technology.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:52540", author = "Uzair Muhammad and Kashif Bilal and Atif Khan and M. Nasir Khan", title = "AGHAZ : An Expert System Based approach for the Translation of English to Urdu", abstract = "Machine Translation (MT 3) of English text to its Urdu equivalent is a difficult challenge. Lot of attempts has been made, but a few limited solutions are provided till now. We present a direct approach, using an expert system to translate English text into its equivalent Urdu, using The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 (ISBN 0-321-18578-1) Range: 0600–06FF. The expert system works with a knowledge base that contains grammatical patterns of English and Urdu, as well as a tense and gender-aware dictionary of Urdu words (with their English equivalents).
", keywords = "Machine Translation, Multiword Expressions, Urdulanguage processing, POS12 Tagging for Urdu, Expert Systems.", volume = "1", number = "12", pages = "803-5", }
