Adaptive Motion Estimator Based on Variable Block Size Scheme
This paper presents an adaptive motion estimator
that can be dynamically reconfigured by the best algorithm
depending on the variation of the video nature during the lifetime
of an application under running. The 4 Step Search (4SS) and the
Gradient Search (GS) algorithms are integrated in the estimator in
order to be used in the case of rapid and slow video sequences
respectively. The Full Search Block Matching (FSBM) algorithm
has been also integrated in order to be used in the case of the
video sequences which are not real time oriented.
In order to efficiently reduce the computational cost while
achieving better visual quality with low cost power, the proposed
motion estimator is based on a Variable Block Size (VBS) scheme
that uses only the 16x16, 16x8, 8x16 and 8x8 modes.
Experimental results show that the adaptive motion estimator
allows better results in term of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio
(PSNR), computational cost, FPGA occupied area, and dissipated
power relatively to the most popular variable block size schemes
presented in the literature.
[1] G. Cote, and L. Winger, Recent progress in the field of video
compression, IEEE Canadian Review- Spring 2002.
[2] ITU-T SG15, Video Codec for Audiovisual Service at Px64 Kbits/s,
In ITU-T recommendation H.261 Version 3, Mars 1993.
[3] R. Srinivasan, and K. R. Rao, "Predictive coding based on efficient
motion estimation", IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Syst. on Video
Technol., vol. 33, no. 8, August 1985, pp. 888-896.
[4] M. Ghanbari, "The cross-search algorithm for motion estimation,"
IEEE Trans. on Communications, vol. 38, no. 7, July 1990, pp. 950-
953.
[5] L.-K. Liu et E. Feig, 'A block-based gradient descent search
algorithm for block motion estimation in video coding', IEEE Trans.
on Circuits and Sys. for Video Technol., Vol. 6, No 4, pp. 419-
422,1996.
[6] Lai-Man Po, and Wing-Chung Ma, "A novel four-step search
algorithm for fast block motion estimation," IEEE Trans. on Circuits
and Syst. for Video Technol., Vol. 6, no. 3, June 1996, pp.313 - 317.
[7] C. Zhu, X. Lin, L-P. Chau, K-P. Lim, H-A. Ang and C-Y. Ong, "A
novel hexagon-based search algorithm for fast block motion
estimation," IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
and Signal Processing, 2001. Vol. 3, pp.1593 - 1596.
[8] C. Chun-Ho, and P. Lai-Man, "A novel cross-diamond search
algorithm for fast block motion estimation," IEEE Trans. on Circuits
and Syst. for Video Technol., vol. 12, no. 12, December 2002,
pp.1168-1177.
[9] Jae Hun Lee, and Al, "Variable block size motion estimation
algorithm and its hardware architecture for H.264 /AVC", IEEE Inter.
Symp. on Circuits and Sys., May 2004.
[10] A. Djeffal, and Z. Baarir, "Video coding adaptive block matching ",
8th African Conference on Research in Computer Science, November
2006, pp.1-8.
[11] Y.K. Tu, J.F. Yang and M.T. Sun, Fast Variable-size Block Motion
Estimation Using Merging Procedure with an Adaptive Threshold,
IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. Baltimore,
July 2003, p.II-789-792.
[12] Z. Zhou, M.T. Sun and Y.F. Hsu, Fast variable block-size motion
estimation algorithms based on merge and split procedures for
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits
and Syst., ISCAS. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, May 23-26,
2004.II-789-792.
[13] Y. Jiang,S. Li and S. Goto, A Low Complexity Variable Block Size
Motion Estimation Algorithm for Video Telephony Communication,
47th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Syst..
July 2004, p.II-465 - II-468.II-789-792.
[14] M. G. Xavier, "Optimizing performance of an encoder following the
standard Advanced Video Coding for a vector machine," Master
Memory, Faculty of Sciences libre University of Bruxcelle, 2006.
[15] S. Yalcin, H.F. Ates, I.Hamzaoglu, "A high performance hardware
architecture for an SAD reuse based hierarchical motion estimation
algorithm for H.264 video coding", Proc. Inter. Conf. on Field Prog.
Logic and App., Tampere, Finland, Aug 2005.
[16] P. Brault, "Motion Estimation and image segmentation", Thesis
Memory, Faculty of Sciences of Orsay, November 2005.
[17] LIU Hao, ZHANG Wen-jun, CAI Jun, "A fast block-matching
algorithm based on variable shape search", Journal of Zhejiang
University Science A, Mars 2005.
[18] Tiago Miguel Braga da Silva Dias, "High-Performance VLSI Motion
Estimation Processors: Data Reuse and Sub-Pixel Accuracy", Master
Memoir, Univ. de Tec. de Lisboa, Inst. Sup. Tec., Sep. 2004.
[19] M.A. Ben Ayed,A. Samet and N. Masmoudi, Toward an Optimal
Block Motion Estimation Algorithm for H.264/AVC, International
Journal of Image and Graphics (IJIG). 2006.
[20] Z. Wang,A.C. Bovik,H.R. Sheikh and E.P. Simoncelli, Image quality
assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity, IEEE Trans.
on Image Processing. vol. 13, no. 4, 2004.
[1] G. Cote, and L. Winger, Recent progress in the field of video
compression, IEEE Canadian Review- Spring 2002.
[2] ITU-T SG15, Video Codec for Audiovisual Service at Px64 Kbits/s,
In ITU-T recommendation H.261 Version 3, Mars 1993.
[3] R. Srinivasan, and K. R. Rao, "Predictive coding based on efficient
motion estimation", IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Syst. on Video
Technol., vol. 33, no. 8, August 1985, pp. 888-896.
[4] M. Ghanbari, "The cross-search algorithm for motion estimation,"
IEEE Trans. on Communications, vol. 38, no. 7, July 1990, pp. 950-
953.
[5] L.-K. Liu et E. Feig, 'A block-based gradient descent search
algorithm for block motion estimation in video coding', IEEE Trans.
on Circuits and Sys. for Video Technol., Vol. 6, No 4, pp. 419-
422,1996.
[6] Lai-Man Po, and Wing-Chung Ma, "A novel four-step search
algorithm for fast block motion estimation," IEEE Trans. on Circuits
and Syst. for Video Technol., Vol. 6, no. 3, June 1996, pp.313 - 317.
[7] C. Zhu, X. Lin, L-P. Chau, K-P. Lim, H-A. Ang and C-Y. Ong, "A
novel hexagon-based search algorithm for fast block motion
estimation," IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
and Signal Processing, 2001. Vol. 3, pp.1593 - 1596.
[8] C. Chun-Ho, and P. Lai-Man, "A novel cross-diamond search
algorithm for fast block motion estimation," IEEE Trans. on Circuits
and Syst. for Video Technol., vol. 12, no. 12, December 2002,
pp.1168-1177.
[9] Jae Hun Lee, and Al, "Variable block size motion estimation
algorithm and its hardware architecture for H.264 /AVC", IEEE Inter.
Symp. on Circuits and Sys., May 2004.
[10] A. Djeffal, and Z. Baarir, "Video coding adaptive block matching ",
8th African Conference on Research in Computer Science, November
2006, pp.1-8.
[11] Y.K. Tu, J.F. Yang and M.T. Sun, Fast Variable-size Block Motion
Estimation Using Merging Procedure with an Adaptive Threshold,
IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. Baltimore,
July 2003, p.II-789-792.
[12] Z. Zhou, M.T. Sun and Y.F. Hsu, Fast variable block-size motion
estimation algorithms based on merge and split procedures for
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits
and Syst., ISCAS. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, May 23-26,
2004.II-789-792.
[13] Y. Jiang,S. Li and S. Goto, A Low Complexity Variable Block Size
Motion Estimation Algorithm for Video Telephony Communication,
47th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Syst..
July 2004, p.II-465 - II-468.II-789-792.
[14] M. G. Xavier, "Optimizing performance of an encoder following the
standard Advanced Video Coding for a vector machine," Master
Memory, Faculty of Sciences libre University of Bruxcelle, 2006.
[15] S. Yalcin, H.F. Ates, I.Hamzaoglu, "A high performance hardware
architecture for an SAD reuse based hierarchical motion estimation
algorithm for H.264 video coding", Proc. Inter. Conf. on Field Prog.
Logic and App., Tampere, Finland, Aug 2005.
[16] P. Brault, "Motion Estimation and image segmentation", Thesis
Memory, Faculty of Sciences of Orsay, November 2005.
[17] LIU Hao, ZHANG Wen-jun, CAI Jun, "A fast block-matching
algorithm based on variable shape search", Journal of Zhejiang
University Science A, Mars 2005.
[18] Tiago Miguel Braga da Silva Dias, "High-Performance VLSI Motion
Estimation Processors: Data Reuse and Sub-Pixel Accuracy", Master
Memoir, Univ. de Tec. de Lisboa, Inst. Sup. Tec., Sep. 2004.
[19] M.A. Ben Ayed,A. Samet and N. Masmoudi, Toward an Optimal
Block Motion Estimation Algorithm for H.264/AVC, International
Journal of Image and Graphics (IJIG). 2006.
[20] Z. Wang,A.C. Bovik,H.R. Sheikh and E.P. Simoncelli, Image quality
assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity, IEEE Trans.
on Image Processing. vol. 13, no. 4, 2004.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:63946", author = "S. Dhahri and A. Zitouni and H. Chaouch and R. Tourki", title = "Adaptive Motion Estimator Based on Variable Block Size Scheme", abstract = "This paper presents an adaptive motion estimator
that can be dynamically reconfigured by the best algorithm
depending on the variation of the video nature during the lifetime
of an application under running. The 4 Step Search (4SS) and the
Gradient Search (GS) algorithms are integrated in the estimator in
order to be used in the case of rapid and slow video sequences
respectively. The Full Search Block Matching (FSBM) algorithm
has been also integrated in order to be used in the case of the
video sequences which are not real time oriented.
In order to efficiently reduce the computational cost while
achieving better visual quality with low cost power, the proposed
motion estimator is based on a Variable Block Size (VBS) scheme
that uses only the 16x16, 16x8, 8x16 and 8x8 modes.
Experimental results show that the adaptive motion estimator
allows better results in term of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio
(PSNR), computational cost, FPGA occupied area, and dissipated
power relatively to the most popular variable block size schemes
presented in the literature.", keywords = "H264, Configurable Motion Estimator, VariableBlock Size, PSNR, Dissipated power.", volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "372-7", }
