A High-Frequency Low-Power Low-Pass-Filter-Based All-Current-Mirror Sinusoidal Quadrature Oscillator
A high-frequency low-power sinusoidal quadrature
oscillator is presented through the use of two 2nd-order low-pass
current-mirror (CM)-based filters, a 1st-order CM low-pass filter and
a CM bilinear transfer function. The technique is relatively simple
based on (i) inherent time constants of current mirrors, i.e. the
internal capacitances and the transconductance of a diode-connected
NMOS, (ii) a simple negative resistance RN formed by a resistor load
RL of a current mirror. Neither external capacitances nor inductances
are required. As a particular example, a 1.9-GHz, 0.45-mW, 2-V
CMOS low-pass-filter-based all-current-mirror sinusoidal quadrature
oscillator is demonstrated. The oscillation frequency (f0) is 1.9 GHz
and is current-tunable over a range of 370 MHz or 21.6 %. The
power consumption is at approximately 0.45 mW. The amplitude
matching and the quadrature phase matching are better than 0.05 dB
and 0.15°, respectively. Total harmonic distortions (THD) are less
than 0.3 %. At 2 MHz offset from the 1.9 GHz, the carrier to noise
ratio (CNR) is 90.01 dBc/Hz whilst the figure of merit called a
normalized carrier-to-noise ratio (CNRnorm) is 153.03 dBc/Hz. The
ratio of the oscillation frequency (f0) to the unity-gain frequency (fT)
of a transistor is 0.25. Comparisons to other approaches are also
included.
[1] J. Fenk, "Highly Integrated RF-IC-s for GSM and DECT Systems-A
Status Review," IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and
Techniques, vol. 45 (12), pp. 2531-2539, 1997.
[2] B. Razavi, "Design Considerations for Direct-Conversion Receivers,"
IEEE Transaction on Circuits and System-II, vol. 44, pp. 428-435,
1997.
[3] A. Parssinen, Direct Conversion Receivers in Wide-Band Systems,
Klumer Academic Plublishers, 2001.
[4] F. Gatta, D. Manstretta, P. Rossi, and F. Svelto, "A Fully Integrated
0.18-╬╝m CMOS Direct Conversion Receiver Front-End with On-Chip
LO for UMTS," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 39(1), pp. 15-
23, 2004.
[5] J.B. Hughes, A. Spencer, A. Worapishet, and R. Sitdhikorn, "1 mW
CMOS Polyphase Channel Filter for Bluetooth," IEE Proc.-Circuits
Devices Syst., vol. 149 (5/6), pp. 348-354, 2002.
[6] D.A. Johns, and K. Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, (New
York: John Wiley & Sons), 1997.
[7] A. Sedra, and K.C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 4th edn., (New
York: Oxford University Press), 1998, pp. 984-986 and 441-444.
[8] B. Srisuchinwong, "Fully balanced current-tunable sinusoidal quadrature
oscillator," International Journal of Electronics, vol. 87, pp. 547-556,
2000.
[9] K. Kumwachara, and W. Surakampontorn, "An Integrable Temperature-
Insensitive gm-RC Quadrature Oscillator," International Journal of
Electronics, vol. 90 (9), pp. 599-605, 2003.
[10] C. Cakir, U. Cam, and O. Cicekoglu, "Novel Allpass Filter
Configuration Employing Single OTRA," IEEE Transaction on Circuits
and System-II: Express Briefs, vol. 52 (3), pp. 122-125, 2005.
[11] J.W. Horng, H.P. Chou and I.C. Shiu, "Current-mode and Voltage-Mode
Quadrature Oscillator Employing Multiple Outputs CCIIs and Grounded
Capacitors," Proceeding of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on
Circuits and Systems, May 2006.
[12] S. Pookaiyaudom and K. Samootrut, "Current-Mirror Phase-Shifter
Oscillator," Electronics Letters, vol. 23, pp. 21-23, 1987.
[13] S. Pookaiyaudom and R. Sitdhikorn: "Current-Differencing Band-Pass
Filter Realization with Application to High-Frequency Electronically
Tunable Low-Supply-Voltage Current-Mirror-Only Oscillator," IEEE
Transaction on Circuits and System-II, vol. 43, no. 12, pp.832-835,
1996.
[14] S. Pookaiyaudom and J. Mahattanakul, "A 3.3 volt high-frequency
capacitorless electronically-tunable log-domain oscillator," Proceeding
of the 1995 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol.
2, pp. 829-832, 1995.
[15] A. Leelasantitham and B. Srisuchinwong, "A low-power, highfrequency,
all-NMOS all-current-mirror sinusoidal quadrature
oscillator," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 35, pp. 713-721, 2004.
[16] B. Razavi, "A 1.8 GHz CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillator,"
Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits
Conference, pp. 388-389, 1997.
[17] H.-S. Kao and C.-Y. Wu, "A Compact CMOS 2V Low-Power Direct-
Conversion Quadrature Modulator Merge with Quadrature Voltage-
Controlled Oscillator and RF Amplifier for 1.9GHz RF Transmitter
Applications," Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium
on Circuits and Systems, vol. 4, pp. 765-768, 2000.
[18] P. Andreani, "A Low-Phase-Noise Low-Phase-Error 1.8GHz Quadrature
CMOS VCO," Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Solid-State
Circuits Conference, vol. 2, pp. 228-229, 2002.
[19] S.B. Anand and B. Razavi, "A CMOS Clock Recovery Circuit for 2.5-
Gb/s NRZ Data," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36 (3), pp.
432-439, 2001.
[20] D.P. Bautista and M.L. Aranda, "A Low Power and High Speed CMOS
Voltage-Controlled Ring Oscillator," Proceeding of the 2004 IEEE
International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 4, pp. 752-755,
2004.
[21] J. van der Tang and D. Kasperkovitz, "A 0.9-2.2GHz Monolithic
Quadrature Mixer Oscillator for Direct-Conversion Satellite Receivers,"
Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits
Conference, vol. 40, pp. 88-89, 1997.
[22] S. Finocchiaro, G. Palmisano, R. Salerno and C. Sclafani, "Design of
Bipolar RF Ring Oscillators," Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International
Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS-99), vol. 1, pp.
5-8, 1999.
[23] W. Sansen, J.H. Huijsing and R.J. van de Plassche (Eds.), Analog
Circuit Design, Klumer Academic Publishers, 1999, pp. 353-381.
[1] J. Fenk, "Highly Integrated RF-IC-s for GSM and DECT Systems-A
Status Review," IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and
Techniques, vol. 45 (12), pp. 2531-2539, 1997.
[2] B. Razavi, "Design Considerations for Direct-Conversion Receivers,"
IEEE Transaction on Circuits and System-II, vol. 44, pp. 428-435,
1997.
[3] A. Parssinen, Direct Conversion Receivers in Wide-Band Systems,
Klumer Academic Plublishers, 2001.
[4] F. Gatta, D. Manstretta, P. Rossi, and F. Svelto, "A Fully Integrated
0.18-╬╝m CMOS Direct Conversion Receiver Front-End with On-Chip
LO for UMTS," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 39(1), pp. 15-
23, 2004.
[5] J.B. Hughes, A. Spencer, A. Worapishet, and R. Sitdhikorn, "1 mW
CMOS Polyphase Channel Filter for Bluetooth," IEE Proc.-Circuits
Devices Syst., vol. 149 (5/6), pp. 348-354, 2002.
[6] D.A. Johns, and K. Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, (New
York: John Wiley & Sons), 1997.
[7] A. Sedra, and K.C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 4th edn., (New
York: Oxford University Press), 1998, pp. 984-986 and 441-444.
[8] B. Srisuchinwong, "Fully balanced current-tunable sinusoidal quadrature
oscillator," International Journal of Electronics, vol. 87, pp. 547-556,
2000.
[9] K. Kumwachara, and W. Surakampontorn, "An Integrable Temperature-
Insensitive gm-RC Quadrature Oscillator," International Journal of
Electronics, vol. 90 (9), pp. 599-605, 2003.
[10] C. Cakir, U. Cam, and O. Cicekoglu, "Novel Allpass Filter
Configuration Employing Single OTRA," IEEE Transaction on Circuits
and System-II: Express Briefs, vol. 52 (3), pp. 122-125, 2005.
[11] J.W. Horng, H.P. Chou and I.C. Shiu, "Current-mode and Voltage-Mode
Quadrature Oscillator Employing Multiple Outputs CCIIs and Grounded
Capacitors," Proceeding of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on
Circuits and Systems, May 2006.
[12] S. Pookaiyaudom and K. Samootrut, "Current-Mirror Phase-Shifter
Oscillator," Electronics Letters, vol. 23, pp. 21-23, 1987.
[13] S. Pookaiyaudom and R. Sitdhikorn: "Current-Differencing Band-Pass
Filter Realization with Application to High-Frequency Electronically
Tunable Low-Supply-Voltage Current-Mirror-Only Oscillator," IEEE
Transaction on Circuits and System-II, vol. 43, no. 12, pp.832-835,
1996.
[14] S. Pookaiyaudom and J. Mahattanakul, "A 3.3 volt high-frequency
capacitorless electronically-tunable log-domain oscillator," Proceeding
of the 1995 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol.
2, pp. 829-832, 1995.
[15] A. Leelasantitham and B. Srisuchinwong, "A low-power, highfrequency,
all-NMOS all-current-mirror sinusoidal quadrature
oscillator," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 35, pp. 713-721, 2004.
[16] B. Razavi, "A 1.8 GHz CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillator,"
Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits
Conference, pp. 388-389, 1997.
[17] H.-S. Kao and C.-Y. Wu, "A Compact CMOS 2V Low-Power Direct-
Conversion Quadrature Modulator Merge with Quadrature Voltage-
Controlled Oscillator and RF Amplifier for 1.9GHz RF Transmitter
Applications," Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium
on Circuits and Systems, vol. 4, pp. 765-768, 2000.
[18] P. Andreani, "A Low-Phase-Noise Low-Phase-Error 1.8GHz Quadrature
CMOS VCO," Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Solid-State
Circuits Conference, vol. 2, pp. 228-229, 2002.
[19] S.B. Anand and B. Razavi, "A CMOS Clock Recovery Circuit for 2.5-
Gb/s NRZ Data," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36 (3), pp.
432-439, 2001.
[20] D.P. Bautista and M.L. Aranda, "A Low Power and High Speed CMOS
Voltage-Controlled Ring Oscillator," Proceeding of the 2004 IEEE
International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 4, pp. 752-755,
2004.
[21] J. van der Tang and D. Kasperkovitz, "A 0.9-2.2GHz Monolithic
Quadrature Mixer Oscillator for Direct-Conversion Satellite Receivers,"
Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits
Conference, vol. 40, pp. 88-89, 1997.
[22] S. Finocchiaro, G. Palmisano, R. Salerno and C. Sclafani, "Design of
Bipolar RF Ring Oscillators," Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International
Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS-99), vol. 1, pp.
5-8, 1999.
[23] W. Sansen, J.H. Huijsing and R.J. van de Plassche (Eds.), Analog
Circuit Design, Klumer Academic Publishers, 1999, pp. 353-381.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:49306", author = "A. Leelasantitham and B. Srisuchinwong", title = "A High-Frequency Low-Power Low-Pass-Filter-Based All-Current-Mirror Sinusoidal Quadrature Oscillator", abstract = "A high-frequency low-power sinusoidal quadrature
oscillator is presented through the use of two 2nd-order low-pass
current-mirror (CM)-based filters, a 1st-order CM low-pass filter and
a CM bilinear transfer function. The technique is relatively simple
based on (i) inherent time constants of current mirrors, i.e. the
internal capacitances and the transconductance of a diode-connected
NMOS, (ii) a simple negative resistance RN formed by a resistor load
RL of a current mirror. Neither external capacitances nor inductances
are required. As a particular example, a 1.9-GHz, 0.45-mW, 2-V
CMOS low-pass-filter-based all-current-mirror sinusoidal quadrature
oscillator is demonstrated. The oscillation frequency (f0) is 1.9 GHz
and is current-tunable over a range of 370 MHz or 21.6 %. The
power consumption is at approximately 0.45 mW. The amplitude
matching and the quadrature phase matching are better than 0.05 dB
and 0.15°, respectively. Total harmonic distortions (THD) are less
than 0.3 %. At 2 MHz offset from the 1.9 GHz, the carrier to noise
ratio (CNR) is 90.01 dBc/Hz whilst the figure of merit called a
normalized carrier-to-noise ratio (CNRnorm) is 153.03 dBc/Hz. The
ratio of the oscillation frequency (f0) to the unity-gain frequency (fT)
of a transistor is 0.25. Comparisons to other approaches are also
included.", keywords = "Sinusoidal quadrature oscillator, low-pass-filterbased,current-mirror bilinear transfer function, all-current-mirror,negative resistance, low power, high frequency, low distortion.", volume = "2", number = "6", pages = "1042-6", }
