A Cross-Sectional Study on Board Certified Pharmacists in Arab Countries 2018 Update
Board certification is a voluntary process that confirms a pharmacist's capability, competency, education, skills, and proficiency beyond what is essential for licensure. This analysis was intended to investigate the prevalence of board-certified pharmacists in the Arab countries and compare the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) between Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Canada. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The data were mined from the BPS website. Data were managed by IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 and presented as descriptive statistics. Of 36918 Board certified pharmacists (BCPs) until February 2018, only 4038 (10.9%) were from the outside United States of America. From 4038 BCPs, about 1782 (44.1%) were from Arab nations. Egypt has the top prevalence of the BPS among the Arab countries 937 (52.6%) BCPs. However, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia comes in the second position 442 (24.8%). Pharmacotherapy (BCPS), nutrition support pharmacy (BCNSP), critical care pharmacy (BCCCP) and oncology pharmacy (BCOP) are the highest specialties by 1474 (82.7%), 114 (6.4%), 61 (3.42%) and 60 (3.37%) respectively, while, infectious diseases pharmacy (AQID), cardiology pharmacy (AQCD) and nuclear pharmacy (BCNP) are the lowest prevalence of specialties by 7 (0.4%), 6 (0.3%) and 1 (0.06%) respectively. Added qualifications were canceled and became a new specialty in BPS as the rest of the specialties. Both infectious diseases and cardiology specialties exams are not conducted yet all over the world from the beginning of 2018. Egypt has the second prevalence 937 (2.54%), before Canada 920 (2.49%) and after United States of America 32880 (89.06%) in the worldwide in terms of BCPs. In conclusion the BCPS is the uppermost specialty; however, there is still a need for all the other specialties. In a short period, BCCCP jumped to the third position. Cardiology and infectious disease will be new specialties. Egyptian pharmacists are in the top of Arab countries, and 2nd in worldwide BCPs.
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[8] Board of Pharmacy Specialties. Find A Board Certified Pharmacist. Available from: https://portalbps.cyzap.net/dzapps/dbzap.bin/apps/assess/webmembers/managetool?webid=BPS&pToolCode=certrecord&pRecCmd=StatsByLocation&pPrint=Yes. (Accessed on: 31- Jan- 2018).
[9] M. A. Hammad, M. A. Al-Mansoub, M. Qamar. Board Certified Pharmacists in Arab Countries: Data Analysis and Current Needs. AMPSR, 2017;1(2): 36-38.
[10] M. H. Elnaem, S. Q. Jamshed, R. M. Elkalmi. Board specialty certifications for pharmacists in Arab Countries: Current needs and recommendations. Arch Pharma Pract, 2017;8(1): 1-2. DOI:10.4103/2045-080X.199618.
[11] N. M. El Agroudy, F. A. Shafiq, S. Mokhtar. The Effect of the Rise in the Dollar Rate on the Egyptian Economy. Middle East J. Appl. Sci. 2015;5(2): 509-514.
[12] Z. Alkhalisi. Why Egypt just let its currency crash by 48%. CNN Money. 2016 available from: http://money.cnn.com/2016/11/03/news/economy/egypt-pound-devaluation-bailout/index.html. (Accessed on: 30- Jan- 2018).
[13] The World Bank. Economic Effects of War and Peace in the Middle East and North Africa. Available from: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2016/02/03/economic-effects-of-war-and-peace-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa.
[14] P. Justino. How Does Violent Conflict Impact on Individual Educational Outcomes? The Evidence So Far. 2011/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/30.
[15] United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The hidden crisis: Armed conflict and education. Paris, France 2011.
[16] Y. El-Sobky, D. A. Atta, A. Derzawy, M. A. Hammad. The Impact of the American Board Certification on the Egyptian Pharmacists. Arch Med Pharm Sci Res, 2017;1(1): 02-10.
[17] S. Suzuki, H. Sakurai, K. Kawasumi, M. Tahara, S. Saito, K. Endo. The impact of pharmacist certification on the quality of chemotherapy in Japan. Int J Clin Pharm, 2016;38: 1326. PMID: 27573721. DOI: 10.1007/s11096-016-0374-6.
[18] L. K. Sharp, P. G. Bashook, M. S. Lipsky, S. D. Horowitz, S.H. Miller. Specialty board certification and clinical outcomes: the missing link. Acad Med, 2002;77(6): 534–42. PMID: 12063199.
[19] J. P. Engle, B. L. Erstad, D. C. Anderson, M. H. Bucklin, A. Chan, A. R. Donaldson, et al. Minimum Qualifications for Clinical Pharmacy Practice Faculty. American College of Clinical Pharmacy. Pharmacotherapy 2014;34(5): e38–e44. DOI: 10.1002/phar.1422.
[20] E. N. Grosch. Does specialty board certification influence clinical outcomes? J Eval Clin Pract, 2006;12(5): 473–81. PMID: 16987109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00556.x.
[21] M. A. Hammad, D. A. Mohamed Noor, S. A. Syed Sulaiman, A. Kharshid, N. A. Aziz, T. M. Elsayed. A Prospective Study on the Evaluation of Statins Usage on HbA1c Control among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in an Outpatients Setting. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017;4(8): 805. DOI10.13140/RG.2.2.27914.36806.
[22] M. A. Hammad, A. A. Khamis, K. M. Al- Akhali, T. M. Elsayed, A. M. Alasmri, E. M. Al-Ahmari, E. M. Mossa, N. M. Al-Gahtani, Y. El-Sobky. Evaluation of Drug Dosing in Renal Failure. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS). 2016;11(5)3: 39-50. DOI: 10.9790/3008-1105033950.
[23] M. A. Hammad, D. A. Mohamed Noor, S. A. Syed Sulaiman, A. Sha'aban. The equivalence between the Malay and UK English versions of mini-Addenbrooke's cognitive examination. Malaysian Journal of Pharmacy. 2017;3(1): 28.
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@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:79390", author = "Mohamed Anwar Hammad and Khaled Mohamed Al Akhali and Yasmin Elsobky", title = "A Cross-Sectional Study on Board Certified Pharmacists in Arab Countries 2018 Update", abstract = "Board certification is a voluntary process that confirms a pharmacist's capability, competency, education, skills, and proficiency beyond what is essential for licensure. This analysis was intended to investigate the prevalence of board-certified pharmacists in the Arab countries and compare the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) between Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Canada. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The data were mined from the BPS website. Data were managed by IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 and presented as descriptive statistics. Of 36918 Board certified pharmacists (BCPs) until February 2018, only 4038 (10.9%) were from the outside United States of America. From 4038 BCPs, about 1782 (44.1%) were from Arab nations. Egypt has the top prevalence of the BPS among the Arab countries 937 (52.6%) BCPs. However, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia comes in the second position 442 (24.8%). Pharmacotherapy (BCPS), nutrition support pharmacy (BCNSP), critical care pharmacy (BCCCP) and oncology pharmacy (BCOP) are the highest specialties by 1474 (82.7%), 114 (6.4%), 61 (3.42%) and 60 (3.37%) respectively, while, infectious diseases pharmacy (AQID), cardiology pharmacy (AQCD) and nuclear pharmacy (BCNP) are the lowest prevalence of specialties by 7 (0.4%), 6 (0.3%) and 1 (0.06%) respectively. Added qualifications were canceled and became a new specialty in BPS as the rest of the specialties. Both infectious diseases and cardiology specialties exams are not conducted yet all over the world from the beginning of 2018. Egypt has the second prevalence 937 (2.54%), before Canada 920 (2.49%) and after United States of America 32880 (89.06%) in the worldwide in terms of BCPs. In conclusion the BCPS is the uppermost specialty; however, there is still a need for all the other specialties. In a short period, BCCCP jumped to the third position. Cardiology and infectious disease will be new specialties. Egyptian pharmacists are in the top of Arab countries, and 2nd in worldwide BCPs.
", keywords = "AQCD, AQID, Arab Countries, BCACP, BCCCP, BCGP, BCNP, BCNSP, BCOP, BCPPS, BCPS, BCPP, Board of Pharmacy Specialties, BPS, Canada, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, USA.", volume = "14", number = "1", pages = "39-10", }
