The Critical Success Factors for Effective ICT Governance in Malaysian Public Sector: A Delphi Study
The fundamental issues in ICT Governance (ICTG)
implementation for Malaysian Public Sector (MPS) is how ICT be
applied to support improvements in productivity, management
effectiveness and the quality of services offered to its citizens. Our
main concern is to develop and adopt a common definition and
framework to illustrate how ICTG can be used to better align ICT
with government’s operations and strategic focus. In particular, we
want to identify and categorize factors that drive a successful ICTG
process. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study to
identify, validate and refine such Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and
confirmed seven CSFs and nineteen sub-factors as influential factors
that fit MPS after further validated and refined. The Delphi method
applied in validation and refining process before being endorsed as
appropriate for MPS. The identified CSFs reflect the focus areas that
need to be considered strategically to strengthen ICT Governance
implementation and ensure business success.
[1] Ali, S. and Green, P., Effective Information Technology (IT) Governance
Mechanisms: An IT Outsourcing Perspective. Information Systems
Frontier (ISF): special issues in Governance, Risk and Compliance:
Application in Information Systems, 2009.
[2] A. J. Gilbert Silvius, Benny De Waal, Business and IT Alignment:
Answers and Remaining Questions. Pacific Asia Conference On
Information Systems (PACIS), 2009.
[3] Ali, O. M., IT Governance in Shared Services in Public Sector. School
of IT-Faculty of Business and Law-University of Southern Queensland,
2012.
[4] Borousan, E., Hojabi, R., Manati, M. and Hooman, A., Balanced
Scorecard: A tool for measuring and modifying IT Governance in
Healthcare organizations. International Journal of Innovation,
Management and Technology. Vol 2, No. 2, 2011.
[5] Bowen, P. L., Cheung, M.Y.D. and Rohde, F.H., Enhancing IT
Governance practices: A model and case study of an organization’s
efforts. International Journals of Accounting Information Systems. Pp.
191-221, 2007.
[6] Brooks, T., Information Technology Governance: Key Success Factors.
Association of Information Technology professionals (AITP), 2011.
[7] Brown, J. S. and Hagel, III., “Does IT Matter?”. Harvard Business
Review, 2003.
[8] Buckby, S., Best, P., and Stewart, J., The current state of Information
Technology Governance Literature. Online:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/
geos/tz.html#Govt, 2008.
[9] De Haes, H. and Grembergen, W.V., A n Exploratory Study into IT
Governance Implementation and Its Impact on Business IT Alignment.
Information Systems Management. V 26, pp 123-137, 2008.
[10] De Souza Bermejo, P. H., and Tonelli, A. O., Planning and
Implementing IT Governance in Brazilian Public Organizations.
Proceedings of the 44th Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences, 2011.
[11] Deloitte, IT Governance Practices in the Irish Public Sector, 2003.
[12] Ding, R. and Wang, Y., An Empirical Study on Critical Success Factors
Based on Governance for IT Projects in China. IEEE, 2008.
[13] Grembergen, W. V., The Balanced Scorecard and IT Governance. ITGI,
2000.
[14] Grembergen, W. V., Saull, R. and Haes, S. D., Linking the IT Balanced
Scorecard to the Business Objectives at a Major Canadian Financial
group. The Information Technology Alignment and Governance (ITAG)
Research Institute, 2000.
[15] Grembergen, W. V. and De Haes. S., Measuring and Improving IT
Governance through the Balanced Scorecard. Information Systems
Control Journal. (ISACA). Vol. 2, 2005.
[16] Grembergen, W. V. and De Haes, S., A Research Journey into
Enterprise Governance of IT, Business/IT Alignment and Value
Creation. Journal on IT/Business Alignment and Governance. Vol. 1,
No. 1, pp. 1-13, 2010.
[17] Guldentops, E., Key Success Factors for Implementing IT Governance.
Let’s Not Wait for Regulators to Tell Us What to Do. Information
System Control Journal. Vol. 2, 2004.
[18] Hoch, D. and Payan, M., Establishing good IT Governance in the Public
Sector.http://www.mckinsey.de/downloads/publikation/transforming_go
vernment/2008/0803_TG_it_governance.pdf, 2008.
[19] Lin, Y. M., Arshad, N. H., Haron, H., Wah, Y. B., Yusoff, M. and
Mohamed, A., IT Governance Awareness and Practices: an Insight from
Malaysian Senior Management perspective. Journal of Business System,
Governance and Ethics. Vol. 5, 2010.
[20] Liu, Q. and Ridley, G., IT Control in the Australian Public Sector: An
Internal comparison, 2006.
[21] Maidin, S.S, Arshad, N.H., Information Technology Governance
Practices in Malaysian Public Sector. International Conference of
Financial Theory and Engineering (ICFTE), 2009.
[22] Maidin, S.S, Arshad, N.H., IT Governance Practices Model in IT
Project Approval and Implementation in Malaysian Public Sector.
International Conference On Electronics and Information Engineering
(ICEIE). 2010
[23] MAMPU, Public Sector ICT Strategic Plan (PSISP) 2011 – 2015, 2011
[24] Milne, K., Bowles, A., How IT Governance Drives Improved
Performance. IT Process Institute White Paper. Online:
http://www.isaca.org/Groups/Professional-English/governance-of-enterpriseit/GroupDocuments/ITPI_IT_Governance_summary_paper.pd
f (2 October 2012), 2009.
[25] Nabiokkahi, A. and Sahibuddin, S., Considering service strategy in ITIL
V3 as a framework for IT Governance. IEEE, 2008.
[26] Nfuka, E. N., Rusu, L., Johannesson, P., & Mutagahywa, B., The state of
IT Governance in organizations from the Public Sector in developing
country. Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on
System Sciences, 2009.
[27] Nfuka, E. N. and Rusu, L., The Effect of Critical Success Factors on IT
Governance Performance. Industrial Management & Data System. Vol.
111, No. 9, pp. 1418-1448, 2011.
[28] Othman, M. F. I., Chan, T., Foo, E., Nelson, K. J., and Timbrell, G. T.,
Barriers to Information Technology Governance Adoption: A
Preliminary Empirical Investigation. Proceedings of 15th International
Business Information Management Association Conference, Cairo,
Egypt, pp. 1771-1787, 2011.
[29] Pereira, R. and da Silva, M. M., IT Governance Implementation: The
determinant Factors. Communications of the IBIMA. IBIMA
Publishing, 2012.
[30] PricewaterhouseCoopers, IT Governance in Practice. Insight from
Leading CIOs. Online: http://www.pwc.com/en_mt/mt/publications/
assets/it-governance-in-practice-jan-2007.pdf (2 October 2012), 2006.
[31] Public and Private Sector IT Governance: Identifying the Contextual
Differences.
http://dl.acs.org.au/index.php/ajis/article/downloadSuppFile/538/13,
2008.
[32] Radovanovic, D., Sarac, M., Adamovic, S. and Lucic, D., Necessity of IT
Services Management and IT Governance. MIPRO, Opatija, Croatia,
2011.
[33] Raup-Kounovsky, A., Hrdinova, J., Canestaro, D. S. and Pardo, T. A.,
Public sector IT Governance: From frameworks to action. International
Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 2009.
[34] Raup-Kounovsky, A., Hrdinova, J., Canestaro, D. S. and Pardo, T. A., IT
Governance to fit your context: Two U.S. Case Studies. International
Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 2010.
[35] Rusu, L. and Nufka, E. N., The effect of Critical Success Factors on IT
Governance Performance in Public Sector Organizations in a
Developing Country, 2011.
[36] Sethibe, T., Campbell, J. and McDonald, C., IT Governance in Public
and Private Sector Organizations: Examining the Differences and
Defining future research directions. 18th Australasian Conference on
Information Systems, 2007.
[37] Shivashankarappa, A. N., Darmalingam, R., Smalov, L. and
Anbazhagan, N., Implementing IT Governance Using Cobit: A Case
Study Focusing on Critical Success Factors. World Congress on Internet
Security. (WorldCIS-2012). IEEE, 2012.
[38] Tan, W., Cater-Steel, A. and Toleman, M., Implementing Centralised IT
Service Management: Drawing Lessons from the Public Sector. 18th
Australian Conference, 2007.
[39] Teo, T. S. H. and Ang, J. S. K., Critical success factors in the alignment
of IS with Business Plans. International Journal of Information
Management. Pp. 173-18, 1999.
[40] Terblanche, J., An Information technology Governance Framework for
the Public Sector. http://scholar.sun.ac.za, 2011.
[41] Vivek S. Rana, E-governance challenges for Nepal. International
Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance
(ICEGOV), 2011.
[42] Wilkin, C. L. and Riddett, J., IT Governance challenges in a large notfor-
profit healthcare organization: The role of Intranets. Springer, 2009.
[43] Weill, P., Ross, J.W., IT Governance: How top performers manage IT
decision rights for superior results. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard
Business School Press, 2004.
[44] Weill, P., “Don’t Just Lead Govern: How Top-Performing Firm Govern
IT”. MIS Quarterly Executive, Vol.3, No.1, pp.1-17, 2004.
[45] Yaling, D. and Yilin. Y., Critical Factors Affecting Management
Performance of Enterprise Agent Construction Projects in China. IEEE,
2009.
[1] Ali, S. and Green, P., Effective Information Technology (IT) Governance
Mechanisms: An IT Outsourcing Perspective. Information Systems
Frontier (ISF): special issues in Governance, Risk and Compliance:
Application in Information Systems, 2009.
[2] A. J. Gilbert Silvius, Benny De Waal, Business and IT Alignment:
Answers and Remaining Questions. Pacific Asia Conference On
Information Systems (PACIS), 2009.
[3] Ali, O. M., IT Governance in Shared Services in Public Sector. School
of IT-Faculty of Business and Law-University of Southern Queensland,
2012.
[4] Borousan, E., Hojabi, R., Manati, M. and Hooman, A., Balanced
Scorecard: A tool for measuring and modifying IT Governance in
Healthcare organizations. International Journal of Innovation,
Management and Technology. Vol 2, No. 2, 2011.
[5] Bowen, P. L., Cheung, M.Y.D. and Rohde, F.H., Enhancing IT
Governance practices: A model and case study of an organization’s
efforts. International Journals of Accounting Information Systems. Pp.
191-221, 2007.
[6] Brooks, T., Information Technology Governance: Key Success Factors.
Association of Information Technology professionals (AITP), 2011.
[7] Brown, J. S. and Hagel, III., “Does IT Matter?”. Harvard Business
Review, 2003.
[8] Buckby, S., Best, P., and Stewart, J., The current state of Information
Technology Governance Literature. Online:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/
geos/tz.html#Govt, 2008.
[9] De Haes, H. and Grembergen, W.V., A n Exploratory Study into IT
Governance Implementation and Its Impact on Business IT Alignment.
Information Systems Management. V 26, pp 123-137, 2008.
[10] De Souza Bermejo, P. H., and Tonelli, A. O., Planning and
Implementing IT Governance in Brazilian Public Organizations.
Proceedings of the 44th Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences, 2011.
[11] Deloitte, IT Governance Practices in the Irish Public Sector, 2003.
[12] Ding, R. and Wang, Y., An Empirical Study on Critical Success Factors
Based on Governance for IT Projects in China. IEEE, 2008.
[13] Grembergen, W. V., The Balanced Scorecard and IT Governance. ITGI,
2000.
[14] Grembergen, W. V., Saull, R. and Haes, S. D., Linking the IT Balanced
Scorecard to the Business Objectives at a Major Canadian Financial
group. The Information Technology Alignment and Governance (ITAG)
Research Institute, 2000.
[15] Grembergen, W. V. and De Haes. S., Measuring and Improving IT
Governance through the Balanced Scorecard. Information Systems
Control Journal. (ISACA). Vol. 2, 2005.
[16] Grembergen, W. V. and De Haes, S., A Research Journey into
Enterprise Governance of IT, Business/IT Alignment and Value
Creation. Journal on IT/Business Alignment and Governance. Vol. 1,
No. 1, pp. 1-13, 2010.
[17] Guldentops, E., Key Success Factors for Implementing IT Governance.
Let’s Not Wait for Regulators to Tell Us What to Do. Information
System Control Journal. Vol. 2, 2004.
[18] Hoch, D. and Payan, M., Establishing good IT Governance in the Public
Sector.http://www.mckinsey.de/downloads/publikation/transforming_go
vernment/2008/0803_TG_it_governance.pdf, 2008.
[19] Lin, Y. M., Arshad, N. H., Haron, H., Wah, Y. B., Yusoff, M. and
Mohamed, A., IT Governance Awareness and Practices: an Insight from
Malaysian Senior Management perspective. Journal of Business System,
Governance and Ethics. Vol. 5, 2010.
[20] Liu, Q. and Ridley, G., IT Control in the Australian Public Sector: An
Internal comparison, 2006.
[21] Maidin, S.S, Arshad, N.H., Information Technology Governance
Practices in Malaysian Public Sector. International Conference of
Financial Theory and Engineering (ICFTE), 2009.
[22] Maidin, S.S, Arshad, N.H., IT Governance Practices Model in IT
Project Approval and Implementation in Malaysian Public Sector.
International Conference On Electronics and Information Engineering
(ICEIE). 2010
[23] MAMPU, Public Sector ICT Strategic Plan (PSISP) 2011 – 2015, 2011
[24] Milne, K., Bowles, A., How IT Governance Drives Improved
Performance. IT Process Institute White Paper. Online:
http://www.isaca.org/Groups/Professional-English/governance-of-enterpriseit/GroupDocuments/ITPI_IT_Governance_summary_paper.pd
f (2 October 2012), 2009.
[25] Nabiokkahi, A. and Sahibuddin, S., Considering service strategy in ITIL
V3 as a framework for IT Governance. IEEE, 2008.
[26] Nfuka, E. N., Rusu, L., Johannesson, P., & Mutagahywa, B., The state of
IT Governance in organizations from the Public Sector in developing
country. Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on
System Sciences, 2009.
[27] Nfuka, E. N. and Rusu, L., The Effect of Critical Success Factors on IT
Governance Performance. Industrial Management & Data System. Vol.
111, No. 9, pp. 1418-1448, 2011.
[28] Othman, M. F. I., Chan, T., Foo, E., Nelson, K. J., and Timbrell, G. T.,
Barriers to Information Technology Governance Adoption: A
Preliminary Empirical Investigation. Proceedings of 15th International
Business Information Management Association Conference, Cairo,
Egypt, pp. 1771-1787, 2011.
[29] Pereira, R. and da Silva, M. M., IT Governance Implementation: The
determinant Factors. Communications of the IBIMA. IBIMA
Publishing, 2012.
[30] PricewaterhouseCoopers, IT Governance in Practice. Insight from
Leading CIOs. Online: http://www.pwc.com/en_mt/mt/publications/
assets/it-governance-in-practice-jan-2007.pdf (2 October 2012), 2006.
[31] Public and Private Sector IT Governance: Identifying the Contextual
Differences.
http://dl.acs.org.au/index.php/ajis/article/downloadSuppFile/538/13,
2008.
[32] Radovanovic, D., Sarac, M., Adamovic, S. and Lucic, D., Necessity of IT
Services Management and IT Governance. MIPRO, Opatija, Croatia,
2011.
[33] Raup-Kounovsky, A., Hrdinova, J., Canestaro, D. S. and Pardo, T. A.,
Public sector IT Governance: From frameworks to action. International
Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 2009.
[34] Raup-Kounovsky, A., Hrdinova, J., Canestaro, D. S. and Pardo, T. A., IT
Governance to fit your context: Two U.S. Case Studies. International
Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 2010.
[35] Rusu, L. and Nufka, E. N., The effect of Critical Success Factors on IT
Governance Performance in Public Sector Organizations in a
Developing Country, 2011.
[36] Sethibe, T., Campbell, J. and McDonald, C., IT Governance in Public
and Private Sector Organizations: Examining the Differences and
Defining future research directions. 18th Australasian Conference on
Information Systems, 2007.
[37] Shivashankarappa, A. N., Darmalingam, R., Smalov, L. and
Anbazhagan, N., Implementing IT Governance Using Cobit: A Case
Study Focusing on Critical Success Factors. World Congress on Internet
Security. (WorldCIS-2012). IEEE, 2012.
[38] Tan, W., Cater-Steel, A. and Toleman, M., Implementing Centralised IT
Service Management: Drawing Lessons from the Public Sector. 18th
Australian Conference, 2007.
[39] Teo, T. S. H. and Ang, J. S. K., Critical success factors in the alignment
of IS with Business Plans. International Journal of Information
Management. Pp. 173-18, 1999.
[40] Terblanche, J., An Information technology Governance Framework for
the Public Sector. http://scholar.sun.ac.za, 2011.
[41] Vivek S. Rana, E-governance challenges for Nepal. International
Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance
(ICEGOV), 2011.
[42] Wilkin, C. L. and Riddett, J., IT Governance challenges in a large notfor-
profit healthcare organization: The role of Intranets. Springer, 2009.
[43] Weill, P., Ross, J.W., IT Governance: How top performers manage IT
decision rights for superior results. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard
Business School Press, 2004.
[44] Weill, P., “Don’t Just Lead Govern: How Top-Performing Firm Govern
IT”. MIS Quarterly Executive, Vol.3, No.1, pp.1-17, 2004.
[45] Yaling, D. and Yilin. Y., Critical Factors Affecting Management
Performance of Enterprise Agent Construction Projects in China. IEEE,
2009.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:68248", author = "Rosida Ab. Razak and Mohamad Shanudin Zakaria", title = "The Critical Success Factors for Effective ICT Governance in Malaysian Public Sector: A Delphi Study", abstract = "The fundamental issues in ICT Governance (ICTG)
implementation for Malaysian Public Sector (MPS) is how ICT be
applied to support improvements in productivity, management
effectiveness and the quality of services offered to its citizens. Our
main concern is to develop and adopt a common definition and
framework to illustrate how ICTG can be used to better align ICT
with government’s operations and strategic focus. In particular, we
want to identify and categorize factors that drive a successful ICTG
process. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study to
identify, validate and refine such Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and
confirmed seven CSFs and nineteen sub-factors as influential factors
that fit MPS after further validated and refined. The Delphi method
applied in validation and refining process before being endorsed as
appropriate for MPS. The identified CSFs reflect the focus areas that
need to be considered strategically to strengthen ICT Governance
implementation and ensure business success.
", keywords = "IT Governance, Critical Success Factors.", volume = "8", number = "11", pages = "3512-4", }
